杂合性

A large number of bond-type complexes, as long as the hydrogen of the molecules covalently coupled to the molecular approach in an electronegative atom up, that constitutes a hydrogen bond, there are intramolecular hydrogen bonds and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the points, will affect the formation of complex reaction carried out, such as in solution adding dioxa cyclohexane, or tetrahydrofuran, will reduce the alkylation reaction rate.

氢键型络合物为数众多，只要含氢的分子以共价键方式耦合到分子中一个电负性原子上去，即构成氢键，有分子内氢键和分子间氢键之分，络合物的形成将会影响反应的进行，如在溶液中加入二氧杂环己烷或四氢呋喃，都会降低烷基化反应速率。

The tryptophan residues play important roles in DNA photoreactivation catalyzed by CPD photolyases. We have investigated the action mechanism concerning Trp in DNA photoreactivation, and obtained the results as follows: 1 We proposed a mechanism of photosensitized splitting of CPDs by Trp and Trp-containing peptides. 2 Quantum yields of splitting of the model compounds that a Trp linked covalently a CPD were obtained under 290 nm light in various solvents, these values changing with solvent, range from 0.01 to 0.5. 3 Utilizing pulse radiolysis technique, splitting processes were observed in aqueous solution of the CPDs with hydrated electron and some oxidative species (such as hydroxyl radical, bromic radical and azide radical), and obtained their rate constants. In the case of interaction between CPD and hydrated electron, splitting of the CPD anion, and pyrimidine anion transfer an electron to FAD or Rf, were observed. The process rate was slower one order more than that in photolyase. Minor, but highly mutagenic UV-light-induced lesions are (6-4) photoproducts, which are repaired by (6-4) photolyases. These enzymes, discovered in 1993, are not well characterized and their mechanism is still under investigation.

我们研究它的作用机理，获得以下结果：1）建立了色氨酸及其肽对嘧啶二聚体光敏化裂解的直接修复作用机理模型；2）获得了色氨酸共价键连接于嘧啶二聚体的化合物在多种溶剂中290nm光辐照裂解的量子效率，其值随溶剂而变化，范围在0.01-0.5；3）运用脉冲辐解观察到嘧啶二聚体与水合电子和一些氧化性的自由基作用裂解过程，得到相应速率常数；对二聚体与水合电子作用发生裂解以及向FAD返还电子的过程进行了体外模拟；4）（6-4）光解酶的作用机理中一个关键假定是氧杂环丁烷中间体在接受电子后能自发裂解，恢复二嘧啶的结构。

Thus, the operatable basis for molecular breeding of sheath blight resistance was established. The soul of our method is to detect difference significance of disease rating averages between the individuals belong to current parent''s type and heterozygous type.

这一方法的精髓是检测回交大群体中轮回亲本型个体与杂合型个体在纹枯病发病程度上的平均数差异显著性。

This paper reports the restriction allele frequencies, polymorphism information contents and heterozygote frequencies of the restriction sites of D4S10 locus, pK082/Hind Ⅲ(2),pK083/EcoRI(1) and pK081/EcoRI(2), detected by three sub-clones of the G8 probe and tries to do presymptomatic diagnosis of Huntington 's disease for phenotypically normal family members in two HD families.

报道53例样本D4S10基因座由G8探针3个亚探针检出的限制酶切位点pK082／HindⅢ（2）、pK083／EcoRⅠ（1）和pK081／EcoRⅠ（2）的等位片段频率、多态性信息含量和杂合子频率，并试对2个Huntington舞蹈病家系成员作症状前诊断。

Bicyclic compounds containing a phenyl or pyridyl ring fused to a cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring, to which is attached a 5-membered heterocyclic ring, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, are agonists of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and are useful as therapeutic compounds, particularly in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and of conditions that are often associated with this disease, including obesity and lipid disorders, such as mixed or diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.

本发明涉及含有连接在5元杂环上的稠合至环烷基或者杂环的苯基或者吡啶基环的二环化合物，包括其药学上可接受的盐和前药，它们是G蛋白偶联受体40(GPR40)激动剂并且可以用作治疗性化合物，特别是在2型糖尿病和与这些疾病相关的症状中用作治疗性化合物，这些症状包括肥胖病和脂质疾病，比如混合或者糖尿病型血脂异常症、血脂质过多、高胆甾醇血和高甘油三酯血症。

It's a good material for gene engineering to construct highly active and thermophilic enzymatic gene.

该工程菌可作为材料构建耐热性好和酶活高的杂合基因工程菌。

In order to obtain versatile ulitity of host molecules, three new chiral calix [4] crown ethers containing aza, thio atoms bearing two chiral sites provided by -cysteine ester were synthesized by the condensation of calix [4] arene diacid dichloride with oligoethylene glycol bridged bis-amino acid methyl ester. All new compounds were characterized by NMR, MS and elemental analysis.

以-半胱氨酸为手性源，利用多甘醇二氯醚在碱性条件下对半胱氨酸巯基进行烷基化反应，成功地合成了多甘醇醚链桥联的半胱氨酸衍生物，醚化反应后，在高度稀释条件下与对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃二乙酰氯进行双功能基缩合反应成功地合成了新型的手性杯[4]含氮、硫杂冠醚，并利用〓H NMR、MS等谱图手段对其结构进行了表征。

Results (1) The prevalence of CBS 844 ins 68 and MS A2756G in the subjects of this study were somewhat lower than that of Western Caucasian populations. There was no siganificant differcences in the frequences of CBS844ins68, MS A7756G and MTHFR C677T mutations between the patient groups and control proup.

结果 1。本研究中CBS844ins68和MS A2756G的基因突变率较国外所报道者低；CBS 844ins 68、MS A2756G和MTHFR C677T的各种基因型频率在病人组与正常对照组之间的差异无显著性；正常对照组CBS844ins 68杂合突变率较病人组有升高趋势。2。

The average panmictic heterozygosity ( hs = 0.3037 ± 0.0058) in the Gongliu population was the highest, followed by the Huocheng population.

巩留群体、新源群体、霍城群体和裕民群体分别扩增了180、169、178和165条多态性带，巩留群体的随机交配杂合度（ hs = 0.3037 ± 0.0058）最高，其次为霍城群体。

There also appeared more flexible word order, some new grammatical categories, such as gender, number and aspect, some new sentence structures and more precise grammar responsive to the needs of the times.

句法方面出现了文言、古白话句法的沉淀，以及新、旧句法成分合并而形成的句法&杂合&现象，同时还有&性数体&等语法范畴的生成与变化、主语的频繁使用以及新结构的产生，出现了句法严密化、情感化的发展趋向。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。