杂交育种

Discussions are given of the fate of Ms2 during translocation in the hexoploid triticale, the exchange of the names for 4A and 4B chromosomes in common wheat and the possible expoitation of the new locus Ms2 (4BS), and the following speculations are made: In geneic genes of allopolyploid organisms the donor chromosomes tend to be intergenomically translocated to their phylogically and evolutionarily close chromosomes with the same order number and the same arm; it is cofirmed that the 7th International Conference of Wheat Genetics was right to exchange the names between chromosomes 4A and 4B of common wheat in 1988; and as a new genetic marker and a breeding tool for all the chromosome B-carrying species in the tribe of Tritceae, Ms2 (4BS) may have wide application in building and expanding the gene pool of germplasm resources of various species of wheat.

对 Ms2基因在六倍体小黑麦与原太谷核不育小麦远缘杂交中易位时的走向，普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名以及 Ms2(4BS)新位点的开发利用进行了讨论：认为异源多倍体生物核基因的组间易位倾向于从供体染色体向进化亲缘关系较密切，且染色体序数与染色体臂相同的部分同源染色体易位；1988年第7届国际小麦遗传学会对普通小麦4A与4B染色体的互换更名是正确的； Ms2(4BS)作为一个新型的遗传标记，作为小麦族内所有携带B染色体组的物种的育种工具和在拓建各类小麦种质资源的基因库等方面均有广泛的用途。

Therefore, the use of apomixis also holds great promise as an essential tool for plants sustainable agricultural production and economic crops improvement in the 21 century.

无融合生殖在作物育种上之贡献为能迅速稳定杂种优势并降低杂交种子的生产成本，得以在 21 世纪应用无融合生殖於农业和经济作物改良。

Its utilization potential is more powerful in the breeding of recurrent-selection, cross, backcross and multiple-cross.

探讨了单显性核不育的利用方法和途径，单基因显性核不育在轮回选择、杂交、回交和复交育种中有一定的利用价值。

Using male sterile make crossbreed is the best way of hybrid seed production,and have achieved some success,but in seed yield and production of three-line there are still many problems and shortcomings,in particular, In China,the male sterile technology is still in the preliminary study stage.

采用雄性不育系生产杂交种是种子生产中最好的方法，一直受到苜蓿育种工作者的重视，并取得了一些成绩，但在种子产量和三系配套生产中还存在很多问题和不足，特别在我国，不育系杂交制种技术还处于初步研究阶段。

The large variety in Fl hybrid occured.The phenomena that overparent individuals of some characters in lower color.plant height,flower diameter and flower doubleness emerging are beneficial to the choice of chrysanthemum breeding.

杂交后代的性状出现了广泛的分离，花色、株高、花径、重瓣性等性状都有超亲遗传的现象，有利于菊花育种的选择。

The per unit area yield of rice in China has been increased significantly since the rice breeding for dwarfness was extended and hybrid rice was bred and applied from 1960-1970's.

自20世纪60-70年代推行矮化育种和杂交水稻选育与推广以来，我国水稻单产水平有了大幅提高。

One disease resistance segregating population 3B789, derived from "EM85/Torfrida//Wen6/3/3*Jing411/4/Nongdal89", was selected for SSR analysis using BSA approach. An EST-SSR marker Xcau33 was found to be co-segregated with the resistance gene Pm4b in a 231 plants population and could be used for marker-assisted selection of both Pm4a and Pm4b locus.Forty accessions of wild emmer T. turgidum var.

利用一个来自杂交组合"EM85/Torfrida∥温6/3/3~*京411/4/农大189"的抗病分离群体3B789，通过BSA法建立SSR标记，发现在分离群体3B789的231个单株中，EST-SSR标记Xcau33与抗病基因Pm4b表现共分离，能够在辅助选择Pm4a和Pm4b基因的育种工作中应用。

The major way of all-female breeding is to combine artificial gynogenesis with sex reversal, in which the key technique is the identification between gynogenesis fish and hybrid individuals.

人工诱导雌核发育与性逆转相结合是全雌鲤鱼育种的主要途径，其中雌核发育鱼与杂交鱼的鉴别是该途径的关键技术。

Therefore,it is very important to decipher the determining mechanism ofgametophyte sex for both biology and breeding practice of Laminaria.

因此，海带配子体性别及其控制机理是一个重要的生物学问题，也与海带育种，尤其是杂交海带培育关系重大。

Indica variety ZYQ8 is an important genetic resource resistant to rice blast disease in rice breeding in North China.in this study,resistance identification of the populations of F1,F2,DH and B1F1of the crosses of ZYQ8×Jingxi17 (JX17) and ZYQ8×Lijiangxintuanheigu was carried out by using a Chinese differential strainZH10-8-14 from North China and a Japanese differential strain Ken54-04 from Japan and the results demonstrated that ZYQ8 had one dominant major gene Pi-zh which had been reported by Zhu L.H., et al., The results from experiments in which the F2 populations of ZYQ8×nine different varieties with known resistant genes were inoculated with strain Ken54-04 indicated that the gene Pi-zh was a new gene and non-allelic to nine known gene loci,namely Pi-i,Pi-km,Pi-z,Pi-ta,Pi-ta2,Pi-zt,Pi-kp,Pi-b and Pi-t.

籼稻品种窄叶青8号是我国北方稻区水稻育种上重要的稻瘟病抗源之一。本文利用我国北方稻区的代表菌系中10-8-14和日本的代表菌系研54-04，对窄叶青8号与感病品种京系17号和丽江新团黑谷的杂交F1、F2、DH和B1F1群体进行抗病性鉴定。根据抗病性的分离，确认窄叶青8号的抗性由1对显性主效基因，即朱立煌等报道的Pi-zh基因控制。利用菌系研54-04接种窄叶青8号与9个具有已知抗病基因的鉴别品种杂交的F2群体，各群体都表现二基因的独立遗传，证明Pi-zh基因与Pi-i、Pi-km|、Pi-z、Pi-ta、Pi-taz、Pi-zt、Pi-kp、Pi-b和Pi-t等9个已知抗病基因间存在非等位关系，是新的抗稻瘟病基因。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。