杂交育种

Systemic investigation about chromatin elimination and introgression of donor in wheat somatic hybridization were progressed in this research.

对小麦体细胞杂交机制进行深入研究将有助于体细胞杂交技术在小麦育种中的应用，但是目前尚无相关报道。

The fact that the pink plants were predominant among the population of RP1 cross progeny hints that the pink had the strong descendiblity, Whereas another fact that the plants with the color of another parent were predominant among the population of R01 cross progeny indicates that the nacarat/saffron plant had the low descendiblity. The above results suggest that it is better to choose the pink plants with the target color flower of breeding as a parents when arranging the cross combination. Many novel flowers with singular value of view and admire can be bred by the different cross combination since the wide segregation chromatogram is not confined to the parents'.

以RPl及R01作母本或父本，分别与不同花色杂交，F1代发生了明显的花色分离，RP1的杂交后代均以粉色占优势，表明粉色的遗传力较强，R01的杂交后代均以其它亲本占优势，表明桔黄/桔红的遗传力较弱，因此在选配组合时，最好选择具有育种目标的粉色个体作为亲本；另外由于分离谱较广，且分离的色谱范围并不完全限于双亲之间，可根据不同的杂交配组，培育出具极高观赏价值的稀有花色。

In this research , by using of genomic in situ hybridization , random amplified polymorphism DNA technology and three specific SCAR molecular markers, the author analyzed wheat hybrid generations carrying the desired genes that were resistant to take-all, BYDV and/or powdery mildew, and developed some alien chromosome addition and translocation lines that were important in breeding practice, and some specific molecular markers that could be applied in marker-assisted selection.

本研究运用GISH、RAPD和SCAR分析方法，对抗全蚀病、黄矮病和兼抗黄矮病白粉病的小麦杂交后代材料进行分析，获得了一些对育种实践有重要意义的易位系、异附加系材料和几个可用于辅助育种的特异性分子标记。

The phynotypes between the different materials are hard to distinguished morphologically and cytologically, even protein markers,due to the incross breeding of the incomprehensive germplasms resource of rubber tree.

由于橡胶树种质材料来源狭窄且经过多年的选择育种和近缘杂交，目前生产和育种上使用的品种材料间外部形态差异较小，有些全同胞和半同胞后代用形态学方法、细胞学方法，甚至蛋白质标记法都很难进行区分。

Greater advance in the * improvement of the fiber qualities has been achieved by the traditional breeding methods, which include crossing, backcrossing and intercrossing, etc.

传统的育种方法通过杂交、回交和互交在打破产量与纤维品质性状的负相关方面取得了较大进展，但育种周期长，成本高，选择效率低。

The GCA and SCA between various parents and cross combinations were significantly different. The GCA effect value of 582 was the highest in these three traits. The sum of breeding value and SCA of cross combination 582×Kangda was significantly superior to other combinations in amount of cocoon crop and cocooning rate to newly hatched larvae. The best cross combination of breeding value and SCA was 582×9906 in thousand-cocoon weight.

供试亲本间及各组合间的GCA和SCA差异较大，其中亲本材料582的产茧量、千粒茧质量及收蚁结茧率3个性状均表现出最高的GCA效应值；杂交组合582×抗大的产茧量和收蚁结茧率的育种值与SCA之和明显地优于其他组合，千粒茧质量的育种值与SCA之和最优的组合为582×9906。

ABSTRACT It is because that the excellent acceptors for maize transgenic engineering are insufficient in our country, especially in the southwest mountain areas of china and hereditary variation regularity for the two characters such as efficiency of embryonic callus induction and number of regenerating plant (these two characters were abbreviated to the nduction efficiency and number of regenerating in the following of the paper, respectively), which hint the maize culturing capacity, is not very clear. Therefore, aiming at picking out superior acceptors, we had made systematic researches on the two characters with combing traditional quantitative-character genetic analyzing methods such as single-factor genetic mating design, diallel crossing genetic design, genetic effect analyzing method and the modern molecular locating method such as QTLs'. The main results are followed.(1) 50 superior inbred lines and about 30 crosses in our country, especially in the southwest of China were used for identifying and selecting the superior genotypes in the above two investigated characters under the same culturing condition in 2000 and 2001. There was very significant difference among the genotypes in the both characters. But the two characters were not certainly related. Some genotypes such as 18-599 and 18-599 were very good in them. For some ones such as zong 31, induction was higher than 18-599 and 18-599 in the efficiency, but it was only 1/3 to the later in regenerating number. In some genotypes such as S37, R08, R15, P138, A318, induction efficiency was just about 3% and scarcely any regenerating plants were got. On the whole, hybrids acted better than inbreeds in the both characters.(2) Two kind of inbreeds were selected as parents of the Griffing's method 1. 18-599 and 18-599 and the inbred line zong 31 are one kind because they are not only superior in the characters of maize cross breeding, such as CA, resistance to disease and the important agricultural characters, but also excellent in transformation characters as the induction and regeneration.

针对我国、特别是西南山地所需玉米转基因工程育种优良受体极为匮乏和反应玉米幼胚培养能力的2个主要性状，即玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数的遗传变异规律十分不清楚的实际情况，本研究从筛选玉米转基因工程所需要的优良受体入手，采用单因素遗传交配设计、双列杂交遗传交配设计、世代基因效应等传统数量性状分析方法，以及现代分子标记定位主效QTL分析方法，对玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状进行了较为系统的分析研究，取得以下主要研究结果：(1)于2000年和2001年通过对我国、特别是西南地区近50份优良自交系和近30个杂交组合，在相同培养条件下，对幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个幼胚培养能力性状进行了筛选与鉴定，发现玉米不同基因型具有完全不同的幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数，但幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率与胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数并不具有必然的相关关系，有的基因型，如自交系18-599和18-599在胚性愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状都表现相当优异；有的基因型，如自交系综31，仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率性状表现高于19-599和18-599，但在胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数这一性状则与它们有相当大的差距，仅为19-599和18-599的1/3左右；有的基因型，如S37、R08、R15、P138、A318等玉米自交系不仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率很低，平均仅在3％左右，而且胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数表现也很差，基本上没有分化成苗。

Based on the practice of nectarine breeding,the systematical inheritance of peel tomenta, flesh color ,pollen fertility and flavor of parents and their hybridization offsprings was analysed.

结合油桃育种实践，对亲本、杂交后代的果皮茸毛、肉色、花粉育性、果实风味等性状进行了系统遗传分析，结果进一步证实了果皮茸毛、肉色、花粉育性3个性状各由1对等位基因控制，其中果皮有茸毛对无茸毛、白肉对黄肉、花粉可育对败育均呈完全显性，且这3对等位基因分别呈独立遗传，无互作效应；选择甜风味的品种作亲本，杂交后代出现甜油桃单株的比例较高。

The Effects of fertilizer on the growth and dry weight of sorghum hybrid grass were studied by pot experiment.

高粱杂交草作为一种新的饲料作物，2 0世纪 80年代以来受到了我国高粱育种家的重视，钱章强等在国内首例育成了高粱杂交草皖草 2号并已审定推广[1～ 3] 。

When breeding schemes of pure line breeding and reproduction population in crossbreeding system were being optimized, breeding plan period 60 pig-years (1 pig year = 6 months ) was the best.

3在优质猪杂交繁育体系纯系繁育群育种方案优化时，育种规划期60 猪年(1 猪年=6 个月)最佳。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。