杂交育种

The second part is about animal breeding, including theory and method on animal breeding, such as selection and assess of breeding, breed method and essentiality of animal breed and animal strain, application of crossbreed and heterosis etc.

二、动物育种：研究动物育种理论和方法，了解种用动物的选择与评定，畜禽品种和品系的培育方法及重要性，杂交育种和杂种优势的应用等。

In the study,univariate combining ability anlysis diall-cross design of Griff ing s breeding method 2 by using SAS programs is solved , an example of rice is also provided to illustrate the detailed SAS calculation. This method is universally suitable for combining ability analysis .

本研究以谷粒实例示明具体SAS计算过程，解决了Griffing双列杂交育种法Ⅱ配合力单变元统计分析的SAS实施，为作物遗传育种实践提供了一种实用可靠、操作简便的SAS程序，此法具有国际普遍适用的价值。

Breeding technology of industrial useful microorganisms was developed from conventional mutation and screening technology to mutagenesis breeding ,cross reeding,metabolic control breeding,gene engineering breeding and so on.

工业有益微生物的育种技术已从常规的突变和筛选技术发展到诱变育种、杂交育种、代谢控制育种和基因工程等。

The advances and existing problems concerning in genetics especially on the sex-inheritance and tolerance to papaya ring spot virus, the genetic improvement (cross breeding, mutation breeding, introduction breeding, culture in vitro, molecular marker assistant selection and bioengineering) on papaya are reviewed; especially on the sex-inheritance, distant hybridization and embryo culture, and breeding for disease resistance to PRSV with gene engineering are discussed in detail.

就番木瓜的株性和抗病性等性状遗传、杂交育种、人工诱变育种、离体培养、分子标记及基因工程育种等现代生物新技术育种方面的研究进展及相关问题进行了评述，重点综述了番木瓜株性遗传、远缘杂交与胚胎学、基因工程在抗环斑型花叶病毒病品种培育及分子标记辅助选择育种应用的研究进展，并分析了今后番木瓜育种的发展趋势。

Distant cross-breeding of tree peony is the main means of cultivar improvement at present and for quite a long time in the future, however, long breeding period and cross abortion are the two main obstacles for obtaining new cultivars effectively.

远缘杂交育种是目前及今后相当长的一段时间内牡丹育种的主要方式，但育种周期长与杂交败育是影响其发展的瓶颈。

Key words: ornamental plants and horticulture; molecular breeding; transgenic chrysanthemum; genetic stability; cross breeding; chalcone synthase gene

关键 词：园林植物与观赏园艺；分子育种；转基因菊花；遗传稳定性；杂交育种；查尔酮合成酶基因

Apparently this great pigeoner had perfected his out crossing approach to the level of a science.

显然这位伟大的育种家已经使他的杂交育种达到了至善至美的科学水平。

According to Griffing's method 1, diallel crossing was built and CA was analyzed. Variance analysis showed that there were the greatly significant difference among the both of GCA in inbreeds and SCA in crosses, respectively. The high GCA of 18-599 and 18-599 and the low SCA variance of their crosses showed the strong and stable heredity on the both characters. Taking them as parents, the generations with high and stable induction and regeneration will be gotten.

2选用在配合力、抗病性、农艺性状等玉米杂交育种性状与幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等转基因工程育种性状都表现相对十分优异的18-599、18-599和综31等3个自交系，以及杂交育种性状表现优良、但转基因工程育种性状表现极差的A318，P138和R15等3个自交系为亲本，按照Griffing方法1组配双列杂交，进行Griffing的配合力分析。

The results showed that the crossing combination of Oriental hybrids ×Asiatic hybrids and Longiflorum hybrids ×Asiatic hybrids were liable to success. It was showed that male parent was fit for female parent.

在杂交育种试验中，采用切割柱头授粉的方法对不同杂交组合进行了研究，结果表明：以东方百合为母本、亚洲百合为父本的杂交组合和以麝香百合为母本、亚洲百合为父本的杂交组合能获得较高的座果率，说明所选父本的花粉对母本的亲和性较好。

This paper study on the hybridization of different strain soft-shelled turtle by traditioncrossbreeding. Then compare the difference of body character, components of muscle andamino acid and the fatty acid composition, The conclusion is as fellows.

本研究采用杂交育种技术，对不同地方品系中华鳖进行杂交，对照种鳖及杂交子代鳖的体表形态特征；分析肌肉成分，肌肉和裙边中氨基酸和脂肪酸的差异；同时本文还进行了LPS对中华鳖免疫增强效果的研究，主要结果如下： 1。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。