杂交

To study and know well the rudimentary knowledge and the basic techniques of modern Microbiology are demanded for Graduate students. The experiments including the principle and operation of phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope; Microphotography , the technique of photographic enlargement;Applications of polymerase chain reaction ; Construction, transformation and detection of plasmid in E.coli ; Infectivity of virus and its molecular detection ; The technique of protoplast fusion in filamentary fungi ; Induction and purification of β-galactosidase from E.coli and assay the enzyme activity; Detection of GC content and DNA-DNA hybridization in bacteria ; Production , extraction and detection of poly--hyduoxy butyrate from bacteria.

以实验教学为主，要求研究生学习和掌握一些现代微生物学研究所需的基本技术，内容包括：相差显微镜、荧光显微镜的使用和显微摄影技术，PCR技术的应用，细菌质粒的构建、转化及检测技术，病毒的侵染性及其分子检测技术，丝状真菌原生质体融合技术，大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的分离及纯化及其动力学测定技术，细菌G+C mol%的测定及细菌DNA-DNA杂交技术和聚羟基丁酸产生菌的发酵、产物提取及检测技术等。

The purpose of this experiment is to study the influence of different nutritional level rations to the hybrid beef cattle production performance and the meat quality, and compare the fattening effect among Simmental, Angus and Charolais hybrid beef cattle.

试验旨在研究相同营养水平日粮对不同杂交肉牛生产性能及肉品质的影响。

Introduced: mainly Simmental, Charolais cattle, Limousin beef cattle breeding, such as male parent to do to Luxi cattle to cross the female parent to do to improve.

改良肉牛介绍：主要有西门塔尔牛、夏洛来牛、利木赞牛等良种肉牛做父本，以鲁西黄牛做母本进行杂交改良。

In particular, pure of Small Tail Han Sheep, Boer goat breeding multiple births, Luxi Cattle, Simmental, Charolais cattle, Limousin cattle, high-yielding dairy cattle, beef cattle improvement, hybridization, and embryo transfer projects such as research, has made a major contribution.

尤其对小尾寒羊纯种、波尔山羊多胎繁育、鲁西黄牛、西门塔尔牛、夏洛莱牛、利木赞牛、高产奶牛、肉牛改良、杂交、胚胎移植等项目研究，作出了重大贡献。

By chemiluminescence, the hybridization signal turned into photo signal, and DNA was detected.

通过化学发光把杂交信号转换成光信号，从而实现对样品中DNA的检测。

In the hybrid system, the Chester White often used as maternal, although their numbers have gradually lost their importance ...

在杂交体系中，切斯特白猪经常被用作母系，尽管其在数量上已逐渐失去其重要性。。。。

Folklore is an essential part of Chicano oral culture, which in turn originated from Indian mythology.

奇卡诺文化是文化杂交的典型代表，它融合了印第安文化、西班牙文化和美国经历。

The following methods were used in the study, such as viral inoculation of animal, pathological method, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxy nucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labling . Morphological changes of the infected chickling, dynamic changes of T, B cells and T subsets, changes of adhesion molecules on the lymphocyte surface, necrosis and apoptosis of lymphocyte and neurons, changes of MIP-1β and IL-8 producing cells in the brain, cell types of perivascular tuffing in cerebral tissue were systematically studied.

在研究过程中，采用了病毒接种技术、普通病理学研究方法、流式细胞仪技术、RT-PCR技术、原位杂交技术、免疫组化技术、凋亡细胞末端标记技术，系统研究了不同日龄的SPF雏鸡人工感染AEV-NH937株后的病理变化，T和B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化规律，淋巴细胞表面某些粘附分子的变化，淋巴细胞和神经元的坏死与凋亡，雏鸡脑组织中产生趋化因子MIP-1β和IL-8细胞的变化规律，脑组织中围官性细胞浸润的细胞类型。

The following methods were used in the study, such as viral inoculation of animal, pathological method, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxy nucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labling. Morphological changes of the infected chickling, dynamic changes of T, B cells and T subsets, changes of adhesion molecules on the lymphocyte surface, necrosis and apoptosis of lymphocyte and neurons, changes of MIP-1β and IL-8 producing cells in the brain, cell types of perivascular tuffing in cerebral tissue were systematically studied. The key research results were.(1)The average percentage of CD19+cell in blood, bursa and spleen, after 3, 5 days of inoculation, was significantly Phybridization revealed that the number of IL-8 and MIP-1βproducing cells was increased in the infected brain.

在研究过程中，采用了病毒接种技术、普通病理学研究方法、流式细胞仪技术、RT-PCR技术、原位杂交技术、免疫组化技术、凋亡细胞末端标记技术，系统研究了不同日龄的SPF雏鸡人工感染AEV-NH937株后的病理变化，T和B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化规律，淋巴细胞表面某些粘附分子的变化，淋巴细胞和神经元的坏死与凋亡，雏鸡脑组织中产生趋化因子MIP-1β和IL-8细胞的变化规律，脑组织中围官性细胞浸润的细胞类型。

In order to study the distribution and position of HFRSV in chigger mite, in situ hybridization was used for detection of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus RNA.

为探讨肾综合征出血热病毒在恙螨体内的分布和定位，采用原位分子杂交技术检测恙螨体内HFRSVRNA。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！