杂交

The yield, quality, resistance and chromosome characteristics of the hybrids were analyzed, and the improvement of the grasses using gene introgression, androgenesis and genetic modification methods was introduced. The latest advance in GISH, genetic map construction and QTL of Festulolium hybrids were described here.

本文总结了黑麦草羊茅杂种高产、优质、抗性强的优势；分析了杂种染色体配型特点；重点介绍了通过基因渗入、雄核发育和转基因手段改良牧草的方法；对黑麦草羊茅杂种基因组原位杂交、分子标记和遗传图谱建立、数量性状位点分析等分子遗传学的最新研究进展进行了综述。

METHODS摘要: Molecular cloning techniques were used to construct the recombinant plasmid pLMP1p53mt containing mutant p53 gene and EB virus LMP1 gene. Linear recombinant plasmid pLMP1p53mt was transfected into mouse androgenesis of germ cells by microinjection and then survival germ cells treated were planted into fallopian tubes of artificial pregnant female mice.

方法摘要：通过分子克隆技术构建含突变型p53基因和EB病毒LMP1基因的真核表达载体pLMP1p53mt；采用显微注射法将线性化的表达载体注射至小鼠受精卵的雄性原核中，然后将注射存活的受精卵植入假孕母鼠的输卵管；取其产3 wk龄子代鼠进行PCR初选，再通过Southern杂交进一步确证；利用HE染色法观察4 mo龄转基因小鼠不同组织病理变化。

The transcripts of XSox1 are detected in the animal pole at cleavage and blastrula stages and mainly in the central nervous system and the developing eye at neurula stages.

原位杂交结果显示，在早期卵裂阶段和囊胚期，Sox1基因主要在动物极表达；从神经板期开始，Sox1基因主要在中枢神经系统和眼原基中表达。

The microspore was more like a tetrahedron, whilethe polar was more like a triangle. The number of microspore in every anther wasbetween 2600～3600, so the amount of pollen was quite large that it was propitiousto spread and pollination. P/O was 8088 and the breed system was singleheterosexual copulatoryb. The viability of pollen was normally above 50%. The testof pollen culture showed that the viability of pollen was up to the tiptop under thehigher temperature and lower humidity (38℃,40%),while it was weakest under thelower temperature and lower humidity (16℃,40%).The OCI is 4, and the breedsystem was belong to autocopulation. If it was heterosexual copulatory, there must beintermediums for pollination. It was recorded there were more than 40 species ofinsects on the anthotaxy or followers of Malania Oleifera. Under different weather,different living environments and different plants the frequency and rush hour of theinsects to visit the followers were different. Actions of different kinds of insect werealso different. According to the results of the observation, the form of fluid and seedof Malania Oleifera mostly rely on the action of insect pollination, especially thebees.

蒜头果的花序为聚伞形花序，有小花8～10朵，小花较小；按花粉大小等级划分，蒜头果的花粉粒属于小的范围；花粉粒呈近四面体，极面为近三角形：每粒花药所含的花粉粒在2600～3600粒之间，花粉量较大，有利于花粉的传播和授粉；胚珠比值为8088，繁育系统为专性异交类型；花粉生活力一般在50％以上；在不同温度湿度条件下测得蒜头果花粉的生活力在高温低湿(38℃，40％)的条件下最高，在低温低湿(16℃，40％)的条件下最低；杂交指数值为4，繁育系统自交亲和，异交，需要传粉者；记录到的访花昆虫有40余种，访花昆虫的访花频率及高峰时间不同，不同种类的昆虫的访花行为也是各有所异；从观察的结果看，蒜头果的种实的形成大多数依赖于传粉昆虫的活动，其中主要是蜂类。

It prepares VEGF synthetic peptide to establish antihuman VEGF monoclonal antibody hybridoma cell strain.

制备了VEGF合成肽从而建立抗人VEGF单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。

Methods:To produce antihuman DR5 monoclonal antibody(mDRA6) by immunizing BALB/c mice using DR5 protein. The change of DR5 expression after DDPtreated on HL60 cells was detected by FACS. Morphologic changes of HL60 cells were observed under fluorencence microscope. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of mDRA6 and DDP on HL60 cells were measured by MTT analysis. DNA fragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis.

DR5蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠，融合筛选抗DR5杂交瘤细胞，制备抗DR5单抗——mDRA6；流式细胞术测定顺铂对HL60细胞表面DR5表达及细胞凋亡率；荧光显微镜下观察mDRA6与顺铂协同作用下HL60细胞形态变化；MTT法测定不同浓度的顺铂与mDRA6对HL60细胞存活的影响；琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测mDRA6与顺铂联合对HL60细胞DNA片段化的影响。

Further studies are necessary to clarify a taxonomy complicated by hybridization and apomixis.

需要进一步的研究验证一种通过杂交和无融合生殖折叠的分类法。

It includes new chapters on extra chromosomal inheritance and the mode of reproduction particularly apomixis in plants as well as new sections on the molecular basis of heredity, genomic in situ hybridization, and the classical and molecular method of genome analysis.

天气包括关於染色体继承和再生的模式apomixis在植物以及新部分的特别是关於遗传的分子基础的特别的新章，在原处的genomic是杂交和基因分析的古典和分子方法

The rale of plants with 42 chromosomes was up to 49.3%. The va riation of chromosome may have a connection with apomixis.

杂种后代的体细胞染色体数目的变化一方面与远缘杂交有关，另一方面可能与无融合生殖具有一定的联系。

Therefore, the use of apomixis also holds great promise as an essential tool for plants sustainable agricultural production and economic crops improvement in the 21 century.

无融合生殖在作物育种上之贡献为能迅速稳定杂种优势并降低杂交种子的生产成本，得以在 21 世纪应用无融合生殖於农业和经济作物改良。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！