杂交

In this study,an experimental modelwas developed and established with freshwater crayfish Cambarus clarkii to prolif-erate White Spot Syndrome Virusin vivo.The success and reliability ofthis model was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy,dot-blotand hybridization in situ etc.

本研究在阐明WSSV对常见淡水甲壳纲动物的侵染活性的同时，成功地建立了WSSV淡水克氏螯虾体内增殖模型，并通过电镜技术、核酸探针斑点杂交与原位杂交等手段证实所建立的增殖模型的可靠性。

This probe was made by convalent bound between carboxyl group of FCA and 5-amino of oligonucleotide in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide.

然后与固定在电极上的SSDNA进行杂交反应，用ECL法测定杂交信号，根据发光信号的大小对目标DNA进行识别及定量。

Molecular beacon coupled with carminic acid was electrochemical inactivity,but after hybridized with complementary sequence, electrochemistry signal was greatly enhanced,and it was linear related with the concentration of complementary sequence in the range of 6.0×10~(-8)mol/L～1.4×10~(-6) mol/L,with the detective limit of 1×10~(-8)mol/L.

此类分子信标本身在实验选定条件下无电化学信号，与完全互补序列杂交后产生电化学信号，论文采用碳纳米管修饰电极对杂交前后的电化学信号进行检测。

METHODS: The collagen type Ⅰ gene was cloned by the improved subtractive hybridization, and the fragment of collagen type Ⅰ cDNA was labeled by digoxin and was hybrided by in situ hybridization on the section of capsule of normal and cataractous lens.

用改良的消减杂交法克隆Ⅰ型胶原基因，地高辛标记Ⅰ型胶原cDNA片段制作探针，用原位杂交法研究其在晶状体前囊膜切片上的表达，并作统计学处理。

METHODS: The collagen type Ⅰ gene was cloned by the improved subtractive hybridization, and the fragment of collagen type Ⅰ cDNA was labeled by digoxin and was hybrided by in situ hybridization on the section of capsule of normal and cataractous lens.

用改良的消减杂交法克隆Ⅰ型胶原基因，地高辛标记Ⅰ型胶原cDN####段制作探针，用原位杂交法研究其在晶状体前囊膜切片上的表达，并作统计学处理。

The basic diploid number of chromosomes in the family Cobitidae was deemed to 2n=50. The C . sinensis with 2n=40 may originate from the ancestor of the subfamily Cobitidae. The C sinensis with 2n=90 which reserved all of 40 original chromosomes maybe result from heterologous hybridization among some fishes of the subfamily Cobitidae. The C . sinensis with 2n=76 is probably a branch of hybrid offspring.

鳅科鱼类染色体的祖先二倍数是2n=50，2n=40的中华花鳅可能是由类似于泥鳅的2n=50的鳅亚科祖先经罗伯逊易位2n=50→48→40转变而来的。2n=90的中华花鳅保留了初始的40条染色体，它可能是由2n=40的中华花鳅与同为鳅亚科的其它鱼类杂交后演化而来的。2n=76的中华花鳅并非异源三倍体，它可能是杂交后演化的一个分支。

The total RNA from brain tissue of substantia nigra of PD rats is extracted at the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th week and comparison is made between it and that from normal rats. The total RNA, after RNA formaldehyde degenerated sepharose electrophoresis and separation and Northern transfer, is adsorbed unto colloxylin membrane. Then ECL labeled Selenoprotein P and an unknown gene fragment are used as probes to hybridize with the RNA on the colloxylin membrane. And the hybridized result is obtained with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, analysis of OD is made using ONE-Dscan software.

分别提取1周、2周、1月、2月的帕金森大鼠（各8只）黑质区脑组织总RNA，并取相对应时间的正常大鼠的脑组织总RNA作为对照，经RNA甲醛变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离后，通过Northern转移，将其吸附在硝酸纤维素膜上，然后利用ECL标记的Selenoprotein P和一段未知基因为探针，与硝酸纤维素膜上的RNA分子进行杂交，再通过显影取得杂交的结果，应用ONE-Dscan软件进行光密度值分析。

To improve detection efficiency and result accuracy, we developed an improved multiplex PCR technique for specific detection of GMO.①The assay strategy involves multiplex PCR amplification of the target with several biotinylated primer pairs in one tube, followed by the hybridization of multiplex PCR products and membrane-bound oligonucleotide probes. The multiplex PCR/probe hybrid is detected colorimetrically using an alkaline phosphatase conjugate and a chromogenic substrate.

在多基因定性检测技术方面，本文在优化并确定了多基因PCR反应条件的基础上，采用了两种方法对多基因PCR产物进行鉴定：①采用共价结合方法将多个探针固定在Biodyne〓C膜上，将5'端标记生物素的多基因PCR产物与膜上的探针进行杂交及显色反应，首次建立了GMO的多基因PCR-膜相杂交检测方法，实现了一个反应体系中同时检测多种转基因成分的目标，提高了检测效率与准确率。

In order to investigate the role of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were evaluated from both protein and gene level by in vivo and in vitro study, We have conducted (1) immunocytochemical analysis and in situ hybridization to examine the alteration in expression of ICAM-1 and it's relationship with interstitial infiltrating cells and TNFα; A total of 64 renal biopsies were classified in three groups according to the degree of cellular proliferation and infiltration in glomerulus;(2) indirect immunofluoresence and immunoblotting. methods to detect the VCAM-1 level both in renal tissue and in serum from the patients of lupus nephritis (17cases) and crescentic nephritis (4 cases);(3) Cell ELISA and northern blot technique to study the effects of TNFα and IL-1β on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 surface expression and gene expression by cultured human mesangial cells .

为了探讨ICAM-1和VCAM-1在肾小球疾病中的作用，本文从蛋白质和基因两个水平，整体（研究ICAM-1时根据肾小球内细胞增生和浸润程度，将64例病人分为A.B.C三组）和细胞培养两个方面，做了如下工作，（1）利用免疫细胞化学和原位杂交技术观察了ICAM-1在64例肾小球疾病患者中的表达及其与间质浸润细胞、TNFα之间的关系；（2）利用间接免疫荧光和膜免疫印迹方法检测了VCAM-1在17例狼疮肾炎和4例新月体肾炎病人肾组织及血清中的表达；（3）利用细胞ELISA和Northern杂交技术研究了IL-1β或TNFα对体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞ICAM-1和／或VCAM-1表面表达及mRNA表达的调节作用。

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and double FISH experiments were carried out to ascertain the chromosomal distribution patterns of the 45S and 5S ribosomal DNAs in the three species of Cucurbitaceae.

首次利用荧光原位杂交和双色荧光原位杂交技术对45S和5S rDNA在南瓜、丝瓜、冬瓜的有丝分裂中期染色体上进行了物理定位分析。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。