杂交

The synthesized cDNA is a continuous band less than 6. 0kb shown on x-film through α〓PdCTP which was inserted in the first strain of cDNA. The titer of the Ha-cDNA library was about 1. 5×10〓cfu/ml which could represent all protein-encoding sequences from Hz-AM1 cells; Namely, the cDNA library has representativity. After the successful construction of the Ha-cDNA library, the open-reading frame of vp39 gene of Heliothis armigera was then fused in frame with the Ga14-DNA-binding domain in the pGBT9 plasmid and the fusion protein Ga14-VP39 was expressed in yeast to be used as bait protein.

在成功构建棉铃虫细胞Hz-AM1cDNA文库的基础上，本文接着将棉铃虫核型多角体病毒衣壳蛋白VP39（HaNPV-VP39）基因克隆到酵母双杂交系统(yeasttwo-hybrid system)中的质粒pGBT9上。pGBT9上含有酵母菌转录激活因子GAL4 DNA结合域的编码区（GAL4-DBD），使克隆到质粒pGBT9上的HaNPV-vp39基因与GAL4-DBD基因融合，在酵母菌中表达DBD-vp39融合蛋白，该融合蛋白即为酵母双杂交系统中的诱饵蛋白。

The advances and existing problems concerning in genetics especially on the sex-inheritance and tolerance to papaya ring spot virus, the genetic improvement (cross breeding, mutation breeding, introduction breeding, culture in vitro, molecular marker assistant selection and bioengineering) on papaya are reviewed; especially on the sex-inheritance, distant hybridization and embryo culture, and breeding for disease resistance to PRSV with gene engineering are discussed in detail.

就番木瓜的株性和抗病性等性状遗传、杂交育种、人工诱变育种、离体培养、分子标记及基因工程育种等现代生物新技术育种方面的研究进展及相关问题进行了评述，重点综述了番木瓜株性遗传、远缘杂交与胚胎学、基因工程在抗环斑型花叶病毒病品种培育及分子标记辅助选择育种应用的研究进展，并分析了今后番木瓜育种的发展趋势。

Relationship between Frequency change and target DNA concentration showed a simple saturation curve.

采用膜表面自组装技术，能使DNA探针与膜牢固结合，且分布均匀；探针与靶序列浓度增加均使压电传感器上杂交量增加，但探针浓度过大时反而抑制杂交，靶序列浓度与频率变化之间呈饱和曲线关系。

The results of fitness of F1 demonstrated that the hybrid F1 of B. juncea and wild rapes did not decline, while that of hybrid F1 of B. napus or B. campetris and wild rapes declined significantly with the lower pollen fertility and fewer seeds per silique.

子一代的适合度研究结果表明，芥菜型油菜向野芥菜杂交一代的适合度没有降低，而甘蓝型及白菜型和野芥菜杂交一代的适合度明显下降，表现在花粉活力降低，结实率极低。

It is proved that if the optimal solution tree has an inter-node, the necessary and sufficient condition that tree structure GAs are solution foundable is that the initial population contains an inter-node; the upper limit of solution foundable probability is also calculated and the population size is proved to increase at most in a polynomial of increasing problem complexity and the probability upper limit.

本文接着给出了当初始群体随机产生，只有杂交算符作用或只有复制与杂交算符作用的遗传算法有解的充要条件，并加以证明；而且求出了这时有解的概率上限，并证明群体大小的增加不超过问题复杂性和有解概率上限的某个多项式。

The improved line persist the main agronomic trait and combining ability of 93-11, show wide spectrum to Xoo strains and enhanced resistance to BB and stem borer. Thus, this line has good prospect in future practical use.

这一遗传改良材料在农艺性状和配合力等方面基本保持了93-11及其杂交组合的主要特征特性，拓宽和增强了其对白叶枯病的抗谱和抗病能力，增加了93-11作为恢复系所配杂交水稻的抗螟虫特性，具有较好的应用前景。

Results of in situ hybridization indicated that hybridized signals in the granular and secretory striate ducts and granular tubules reduced significantly, and NGF mRNA expression decreased.

原位杂交的结果显示，铅中毒小鼠颌下腺颗粒曲管和纹状管的杂交信号显著减弱，颌下腺组织中NGF mRNA表达减少。

With stumpage Chan Luxi cattle and cattle hybrid, the hybrid offspring born to the surface of the same color, physical, and Body generous, muscle fullness, well-developed buttocks.

用立木赞牛和鲁西黄牛杂交，所生的杂交的后代毛色表面一致，体格大，体躯宽厚，肌肉丰满，臀部发育良好。

Transferred the NP-1 gene into C. ellipsoidea by electroporation with high efficiency expression vector pBinUΩNP1. PCR, Southern blot and Northern dot blot analysis of the G418resistant alga strains indicated the stable integration and correct transcription of NP-1 in C. ellipsoidea genome. In vitro antagonistic assays showed the proper expression of defense gene in C. ellipsoidea. Transgenic C. ellipsoidea is antagonistic to gram negative bacteria—Bacillus subtonic, gram positive bacteria—Escherichiacoli and fungi—Fusarium oxysporum to some extent.

以椭圆小球藻完整细胞为受体，采用电激转化法将连接在高效表达载体pBinUΩNP1上的兔防御素NP-1基因导入小球藻，通过PCR、Southern杂交、Northern点杂交对转基因小球藻进行了分子检测，同时通过体外离体抑菌实验检测了兔防御素NP-1基因表达产物的活性，结果表明NP-1基因已稳定整合到小球藻基因组中，并进行了正确转录和表达。

The pollinated cut plant, cultured in solution with 100 mg/L 2,4-ID, 40 g/L sucrose, 10 mg/L silver nitrate, 8 mI/I. sulfurous acid and 3 g/L calcium phosphate, produced the highest embryo rate, higher and more stable caryopsis rate.

因此，小麦×玉米杂交后24 h割穗，杂交穗在含有100 mg/L 2，4-D，40 g/L蔗糖，10 mg/L硝酸银，8 mL/L亚硫酸和3 g/L磷酸二氢钾的培养液中培养，单倍体胚诱导效果最好。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。