杂交

Results ①Compared to sham group, ISH and IHC of rat hypothalamic CRHshow positive cells numbers increase, positive areas enlarge and average gray scaledecreases, which reveals the expression of hypothalamic CRH neurons enhances afterPX;②The enhancement of ISH and IHC of hypothalamic CRH in PX rats aftermelatonin supplementation dose-dependently recovers, but it can't return to be normaleither in high dose group or in low dose group and either at 4th week or at 8th week;③IHC of CRH in median eminence of neurohypophysis shows positive areas enlargeand average gray scale decreases, which reveals the releasing of CRH fromhypothalamic CRH neurons increases;④ELISA of CRH in serum shows thedifferences of CRH concentrations among all groups are not significant, which indicates PX and melatonin supplementation have no significant effect on CRH levels.

结果： ①松果体摘除后大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRH 原位杂交和免疫组化的结果与假手术对照组相比均显示阳性细胞数增多、阳性面积增加、平均灰度降低，提示松果体摘除后下丘脑CRH 神经元的表达增强；②松果体摘除大鼠补充褪黑素后，下丘脑CRH 原位杂交和免疫组化染色增强呈剂量依赖性恢复，不过不论是低剂量组还是高剂量组，也不论是术后4 周还是术后8周，均不能恢复至正常；③松果体摘除后神经垂体正中隆起CRH 免疫组化结果显示阳性面积增加、平均灰度降低，提示下丘脑CRH 神经元释放CRH 增加；④ELISA 法检测血清CRH结果示各组血清CRH 浓度差异没有显著性，表明松果体摘除及补充褪黑素对血清CRH 水平没有显著影响。

Results ①Compared to sham group, ISH and IHC of rat hypothalamic CRHshow positive cells numbers increase, positive areas enlarge and average gray scaledecreases, which reveals the expression of hypothalamic CRH neurons enhances afterPX;②The enhancement of ISH and IHC of hypothalamic CRH in PX rats aftermelatonin supplementation dose-dependently recovers, but it can't return to be normaleither in high dose group or in low dose group and either at 4th week or at 8th week;③IHC of CRH in median eminence of neurohypophysis shows positive areas enlargeand average gray scale decreases, which reveals the releasing of CRH fromhypothalamic CRH neurons increases;④ELISA of CRH in serum shows thedifferences of CRH concentrations among all groups are not significant, whichindicates PX and melatonin supplementation have no significant effect on CRH levels.

结果： ①松果体摘除后大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRH 原位杂交和免疫组化的结果与假手术对照组相比均显示阳性细胞数增多、阳性面积增加、平均灰度降低，提示松果体摘除后下丘脑CRH 神经元的表达增强；②松果体摘除大鼠补充褪黑素后，下丘脑CRH 原位杂交和免疫组化染色增强呈剂量依赖性恢复，不过不论是低剂量组还是高剂量组，也不论是术后4 周还是术后8周，均不能恢复至正常；③松果体摘除后神经垂体正中隆起CRH 免疫组化结果显示阳性面积增加、平均灰度降低，提示下丘脑CRH 神经元释放CRH 增加；④ELISA 法检测血清CRH结果示各组血清CRH 浓度差异没有显著性，表明松果体摘除及补充褪黑素对血清CRH 水平没有显著影响。

Polymarase Chain Reaction may be the better method of detecting M.tuberculosis than other methods and lead us to carry out a series of research on this problem. This thesis is composed of five parts:(1)systematic evaluation for the first time of the ability of five defferent PCR methods to detect M. tuberculosis;(2) using the endonuclease and southern blot by a radioactive and a nonradioactive labeled probe, to confirm the specificity of the PCR products and to analyse the sensitivity of detection by southern blot method using digoxigenin-labeled probe;(3) evaluation of acid-fast staining, bacterial culture and PCR for the detection of M. tuberculosis in sputum, pleural and peritoneal effusion samples;(4) The feasibility of PCR for detection of M tuberculosis on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues;(5) 26 cases of sarcoidosis were retrospectively studiedwith PCR for M. tuberculosis and nontuberculosis Mycobacterium and the problems on histopatholoical diagnosis of sarcoidosis are discussed.

论文共分为五个部分，(1)首次系统地比较了五种不同引物序列的PCR检测结核杆菌方法的特异性和敏感性等情况；(2)利用限制性内切酶酶切分析和同位素及非同位素标记DNA探针进行Southern杂交的办法，分析PCR产物的序列与原设计是否相符及杂交检测PCR产物对提高检测结核杆菌敏感性的情况；(3)并对PCR用于快速检测临床标本中的结核杆菌进行了初步评价；(4)探讨了PCR用于检测石蜡包埋组织中结核杆菌的作用；(5)并利用PCR检测结核杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的方法对26例原病理诊断为结节病的病例进行了PCR检测及组织病理学诊断的探讨。

Outcrossing, the second fundamental aspect of sex, is maintained by the advantage of masking mutations and the disadvantage of inbreeding which allows expression of recessive mutations (commonly observed as inbreeding depression).

有性生殖的第二个基本方面是异型杂交。异型杂交是通过掩蔽突变优势和近亲繁殖劣势来维持的。近亲繁殖允许隐性突变的表达。这与查尔斯·达尔文相一致。

Crosssing apomictic rice and C4 crop,such as Sorgum,Trapsicum and Panicum maximumespecially by somatic hybridization and gene engineering technique to create new varieties with characteristics of apomixis and high photosynthetic efficiency.

利用无融合生殖水稻与无融合生殖高光效的C4作物，如高粱、摩擦禾、木黍等杂交，特别是体细胞杂交和基因工程技术，创造具有无融合生殖特性高光效作物新品种。

Intermediate signal was observed in fibroblasts of tendon, periosteum and perichondrium. Weak signal occured in early chick embryos.

在同位素和非同位素原位杂交建立后，我们着手建立了双标记原位杂交方法。

At the same time, through the atom ratio of chlorine to phosphor, the hybridization efficiency of the DNA probes anchored on silver film was calculated to be 90.81%, which was largely higher than those probes affixed on conventional glass substrate (30.63%).

与此同时，通过氯原子与磷原子的个数比得到了银膜DNA芯片上杂交效率为90.81%，高于常规玻璃载体基因芯片的杂交效率（30.63%），说明银膜DNA芯片能够实现碱基序列正错配的分析，自组装化学镀银膜是一种应用前景较好的基因芯片载体材料。

The major results are as follows:1 250 recombinant positive clones of RAPD microsatellites-enriched library of ramie were rapid screened with PIMA protocol.

本研究采用RAPD富集法与探针杂交富集法首次分离了31个苎麻微卫星序列，建立了以探针杂交富集法分离苎麻微卫星的方法。

The female parents are 4 choice [1] ness clones in Chinese fir primary orchard. The male parents are 3 polyanthus clones in the gene pool of old Chinese fir, the mixed pollen of these clones and all the clones in this gene pool. The testing woods were founded with 18 cross grouping which were obtained by the using of NCⅡ.

以经过子代测定的杉木初级种子园中的4个优良无性系为母本，老杉木种质资源库中的3个花芽较多的无性系及其混合花粉和种子园混合花粉为父本，采用测交系交配设计进行杂交制种，获得18个杂交组合并以此营建试验林。

A chestnut mare, after having a hybrid by a quagga, produced to a black Arabian horse three foals showing a number of stripes - in one more stripes were present than in the quagga hybrid.

一匹栗色的母马在和一匹白氏斑马杂交之后，再与一只黑色的阿拉伯马交配产下的三只马驹身上有一些条纹，其中一只的条纹的数目比之前和白氏斑马杂交之后产下的后代还要多。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。