杀菌素

Recovery of spinosad from tap water was 90.5-96.4%, with a coefficient of variation of

建立了一种测定水中多杀菌素残留量的高效液相色谱法。

Spinosad is a recently developed macrolide that has high efficacy hi killing Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Thysanoptera.

多杀菌素是近年来新开发的大环内酯类杀虫剂，对鳞翅目、双翅目和缨翅目害虫有极好的灭杀效果。

The effects of glucose and inorganic phosphate on mycelium growth and spinosad production with Saccharopolyspora spinosa were studied.

考察了葡萄糖及无机磷酸盐对刺糖多孢菌菌体生长及多杀菌素产量的影响。

HPLC was used to investigate whether spinosad applied to parasitized host larvae could reach parasitoid larvae developing inside the hosts.

应用高效液相色谱法检测施用于寄主幼虫的多杀菌素可否传递到在其体内发育的寄生蜂幼虫。

The results showed that the Saccharopolyspora spinosa SP06081 protoplast yield was the highest under these conditions: the collected mycelium from SP06081 grown in Tryptic Soy Broth medium with 0.2% glycin for 48 h was treated by 0.1 mg/mL lysozyme at 28oC for 20 min, then plated on the R2YE medium with sucrose as osmotic stabilizer, the number of regeneration protoplast was up to 108/mL. The protoplast-regenerated strains exhibited changes in morphology and antibiotic production, 29.3% protoplast-regenerated strains was characterized by loose mycelium and abundant broken branches as did their parent. Among them, 58.2% strains presented the trend to positive variation in spinosad yield, with the highest spinosad yield of up to 582.0 mg/L, 85.6% higher than that of their parent.

结果表明：菌体在添加0.2%的甘氨酸的TSB培养基中培养48 h收集， 0.1 mg/mL 溶菌酶， 28oC作用20 min制备原生质体，将原生质体涂布于以蔗糖为渗透压稳定剂的R2YE培养基中，原生质体再生数目最多，达108个/mL以上；原生质体再生菌株在形态和抗生素产量上产生分化， 29.3%的再生菌株形态上保持与亲本菌株一致，具有菌丝松散，断裂分枝多的特点，其中53.2%的再生菌株多杀菌素产量变异向正方向移动，最高产量达到582.0 mg/L，比亲本菌株提高85.6%。

It can be concluded that (1) forosamine on 17-carbon can be easily lost, but difficult for rhamnose sugar;(2) spinosad concentration decreased when irradiation time increased, degrading rate was up to about 70% for irradiating 484 min, and 11 degradates were produced. These degradates were products of the oxidation, reduction, and hydrolytic reactions.

结果表明，多杀菌素17碳上的福乐糖胺容易失去，三氧甲基鼠李糖很稳定；多杀菌素浓度随紫外光照射时间的增加而降低，在照射484 min后，降解率达到70%左右，形成11种降解产物，这些降解产物是多杀菌素A或D经氧化、还原及水解等反应形成。

Garlic phytoncide contains, in addition to cell killing things, for a variety of viruses, Rickettsia role also killed.

大蒜中含有植物杀菌素，除对细胞有灭杀作用外，对各种病毒，立克次体也有灭杀作用。

Plutella xylostella larvae of a strain highly resistant to spinosad were used as hosts to rear the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae. When the parasitoids had developed to the stage of early instar larva, the host larvae were treated with 50 mg/L spinosad on the terga by topical application and then fed with cabbage leaves treated with 50 mg/L spinosad to allow the host larvae and the parasitoid larvae to develop. Three days after treatment, the parasitoid larvae inside the host were collected by dissecting the host larvae. The body fluid of P. xylostella and the bodies of parasitoid larvae were then analyzed with HPLC. Both of the active components, spinosyn A and spinosyn D, of spinosad were detected in the body fluid of host larvae and in the bodies of parasitoid larvae, and the residue concentrations were 2.79 mg/L and 0.94 mg/L in the host and the parasitoid respectively.

以对多杀菌素高抗的小菜蛾Plutella xylostella幼虫作为菜蛾绒茧蜂Cotesia plutellae的寄主，待绒茧蜂发育到1龄幼虫时，将浓度为50 mg/L的多杀菌素点滴到寄主幼虫背板上，随后让寄主幼虫取食经50 mg/L多杀菌素处理过的甘蓝叶片，寄主幼虫和其体内的蜂幼虫再发育3天后，将寄主幼虫解剖取出蜂幼虫，用高效液相色谱法对经多杀菌素处理的小菜蛾幼虫体液以及绒茧蜂幼虫匀浆液进行检测，结果多杀菌素的2个活性成分spinosyn A和spinosyn D均被检测到，两者的多杀菌素残留浓度分别是2.79 mg/L和0.94 mg/L。

Ramie fibers contain a "plant antibiotic element", after trimming by isunte ecologic and hygienical process, and inspect by the authoritative disease control center, can control and kill many bad bacteria, such as staphylococcosis, enteric bacilli, blastomyces albicans, and epiphyte arousing skin disease, this is the reason that many western developed countries choose ramie garments to wear.

麻纤维含有一种&植物杀菌素&，且通过-生态保健整理，经权威疾病控制中心检测，能有效地抑制和杀死多种有害菌，如金色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌和引起皮肤病的真菌。这是许多西方发达国家选择着装麻料的重要原因。

To improve spinosyn-producing strain and enhance spinosyns yield, we studied the effects of glycin concentration and the operational time, temperature and lysozyme concentration on protoplast preparation of Saccharopolyspora spinosa SP06081. We also studied different regeneration media and osmotic stabilizing agents.

为了改良多杀菌素生产菌种，提高多杀菌素产量，研究了甘氨酸添加浓度、溶菌酶作用时间、温度和浓度对多杀菌素生产菌刺糖多胞菌Saccharopolyspora spinosa SP06081菌株原生质体制备和再生的影响，并考察了不同再生培养基和渗透压稳定剂对其再生的影响，确定了该菌株原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。