机率

We also introduce some bivariate copulas, such as Archimedean copulas, Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copulas and Normal copulas .

接著介绍一些常见的机率结合函数，如AC族、FGM族及常态机率结合函数族。

An impossible event has a probability of exactly 0, and a certain event has a probability of 1, but the converses are not always true: probability 0 events are not always impossible, nor probability 1 events certain.

一个'不可能'事件其机率值为0，而'确定'事件其机率值则为1。但反推并不成立，也就是说机率值为0的事件不表示它就是一个'不可能'事件，同理，机率值为1的事件不表示它就一定发生。

The simulation results also find that the Quasi-Aitken weighted least squares estimator has a smaller asymptotic variance than least squares estimator.

研究结果显示机率加权最小平方法与Quasi-Aitken机率加权最小平方法的回归参数估计式皆具有不偏性，其中Quasi-Aitken机率加权最小平方法的回归参数估计式的变异最小。

The simulation results show that probability weighted least squares estimator and Quasi-Aitken weighted least squares estimator are unbiased estimators of regression coefficients.

研究方法系采用Monte Carlo模拟方式模拟比较最小平方法、分层加权最小平方法、机率加权最小平方法及Quasi-Aitken机率加权最小平方法在分层不等机率抽样下的表现。

In feature-level case, fully polarization information from SAR is used to combine with spectral characteristic from SPOT images, mainly to enhance land cover classification as well. Speckle noise was removed by Lee filter, followed by the maximum likelihood classifier based on different distribution was used for SAR and SPOT images (Based on Wishart distribution and multivariate Gaussian distribution respectively), to extract the conditional probability of each pixel for each class.

首先使用李式滤波器滤除全偏极雷达资料杂讯，接下来同样是使用採用最大似然法来分类融合影像，(不同的在於全偏极雷达影像使用Wishart机率分布，在光学影像採用multivariateGaussian机率分布)將每个类别中每个像元属於某个类别的机率值计算出来，再利用Dempster-Shafer evidence theory来结合这些类别的机率值。

The probability of finding synchronously releasing colonies is much lower between species than within species. And in branch form Millepora, the probabiliy of finding synchronously releasing colonies is much lower between area than within area.

另外在同一地点的三种火珊瑚释出水母体的日期甚少相同，而且种间群体同步释放水母体的机率比种内低；在地点比较上，枝状火珊瑚在同一地点内的同步释放机率比在地点间的机率高。

This course explores the history and debates over codifying the laws of probability, how probability theory applies to specific cognitive processes, how it relates to the human understanding of causality, and how new computational approaches to causal modeling provide a framework for understanding human probabilistic reasoning.

本课程探索关於机率法则形成的历史和争论，机率理论如何运用於具体的认知过程，它与人类对因果的理解有著怎样的关系，以及新的关於因果模型计算方法怎样为理解人类的机率推理过程提供架构。

This course explores the history and debates over codifying the laws of probability, how probability theory applies to specific cognitive processes, how it relates to the human understanding of causality, and how new computational approaches to causal modeling provide a framework for understanding human probabilistic reasoning.

本课程探索关於机率法则形成的历史和争论，机率理论如何运用於具体的认知过程，它与人类对因果的理解有著怎样的关系，以及新的关於因果模型计算方法怎样为理解人类的机率推理过程提供了一个架构。

From the probabilistic equation of debris-flow occurrence, the curves of probability-slope-water level were obtained. One can see the influences of water level and sediment-layer slope on the probability of occurrence from the curves. The influence of coefficients of variation on occurrence probability are also shown in this paper.

由土石流发生机率方程式，推求土石流发生机率－坡度－水位曲线，并藉以探讨参数之变异系数对土石流发生机率之影响，及评估土层在水位、坡度的变化下，土石流之发生机率。

Equiprobable hydraulic conductivity fields were reproduced using geostatistical methods to assess the spatial uncertainty of the heterogeneous aquifers. The flow and reactive transport models then simulated contamination plume migration stochastically after inverse calibration. A contamination potential front of the nitrogen compounds based on a 95% risk probability was compared with a deterministically simulated contaminant distribution.

经过水流及反应传输模式之相关参数校正后，序率模拟异质含水层地下水水流与氮化合物传输，针对某些污染门槛浓度，机率分析硝酸盐氮与铵氮污染分布，以代表污染风险机率及污染潜势，建立95％风险机率为污染潜势之锋面，该锋面分布与定率污染传输模拟结果比较。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。