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The reason of doing so is that the position of the end effector of space robot is in connection with the history of joints' motion.

这样做是因为对自由漂浮状态下的空间机器人来说，机器人末端执行器的运动轨迹与各关节的运动过程直接相关。

Tracked mobile robot is different from the wheeled robot, it can pass all kinds of complex terrain, and can work in execrable environment, instead of the people to complete the dangerous work.

履带式移动机器人不同于一般的轮式移动机器人，它能通过各种复杂的地形，并且可以工作在恶劣的环境下，代替人完成执行一些具有危险性的工作。

Garnet Hertz's "Cockroach Controlled Mobile Robot" uses the movements of a live insect – a giant Madagascan cockroach – to physically drive a 3 wheeled robot.

Garnet Hertz 的「蟑螂驾驶机器人」利用活体昆虫；巨大的马达加斯加蟑螂的动作来驾驶一个三轮机器人。

ABSTRACT Micromanipulator used for bioengineering, medical engineering and precision processing is a new filed.

面向生物工程、医学工程和微细加工的微操作机器人是一个全新的领域，本文对微操作机器人及其显微视觉系统进行了深入的研究。

Take an further research,then a key conclusion that the kinematics of the micromanipulator is decoupled can be drawn out. Such a feature could simplify the workload of the control system greatly,and it shall be much superior to those models which exist nowadays.

进一步分析此矩阵，还可以得到该微动机器人是运动解耦的这一重要结论，此特性可大大简化控制工作量，与现今已存在的并联微动机器人模型相比具有很强的优越性。

The detail contents can be summarized as follows: Using Grassmann line geometry method to analyze joint axes linear dependence in manipulator singular configurations; The manipulator constrain equations are derived base on the reciprocity of twists and wrenches; The null space method is used to obtain the reciprocal screws when singularity occurs.

具体内容包括以下几个方面：用Grassmann线几何方法分析了机器人机构奇异时关节轴线的线性相关性；用螺旋理论推导出了基于力螺旋和运动螺旋表示的反螺旋约束方程式；用零空间理论求出了机器人奇异位形的反螺旋。

Therefore,the agricultural robot with open architecture was proposed to solve these problems.

我们提出具有开放式结构的农业机器人可以有效的解决目前农业机器人应用存在的问题。

According to the limitation of the closed control system,an idea of the open architecture is introduced into the paper.

针对传统机器人采用封闭式控制系统的局限性，将开放式控制系统的思想引入到排球机器人控制系统的研制中。

Path planning of mobile robot is a pivotal technology in robot research.There are many problems in old path planning method,such as blindness of scout and overabundance of data,etc.

移动机器人路径规划是机器人研究的关键技术之一，过去的路径规划方法存在搜索的盲目性以及数据存储量过大等问题。

A method of phase plane is used to investigate the movement of the spherical rolling robot before jumping and its jumping condition is developed.

然后利用相平面法对球形机器人弹跳前的运动进行了分析，得到了起跳条件；利用质点系的达朗伯原理得到了球形机器人弹跳后的动力学模型。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。