机器人

Based on the analysis of the mechanism of robot manipulators, a trajectory tracking controlling research model is first built up with ADAMS, and its mathematical model is formulated through the study of robot kinematics and dynamics. After the modeling errors are analyzed in practical robotic systems, a conception of centralized error is brought forward according to the theory of weighting functions. In the case of modeling errors' exist, the robotic uncertain model is derived by introducing an auxiliary control variable into inverse dynamic analysis. The control strategy of robust exponential convergence is applied to the robotic uncertain model, the applicable conditions and the applicable controller with this application are presented. The stable control effect under three main model uncertainties (parametric errors, joint disturbs, joint frictions) are systematically studied on the previously built research model. The problems of robust exponential convergence controller which often results in unstable output and so produces a large relative error when the input trajectory is in a small range are resolved by adjusting the control parameters based on the controller's structure.

本文在机械手的机械结构分析基础上，利用ADAMS建立了用于机械手轨线跟踪控制研究的机械手模型；通过对机器人运动学和动力学问题的研究，建立了机械手研究的数学模型；分析了机器人系统中模型误差的主要来源，根据加权函数法分析，提出了模型集中误差的概念；在存有模型误差的情况下，采用逆动力学结构并引入辅助控制量，由机器人误差模型推导了机器人非确定性模型；提出了采用鲁棒指数收敛法对上述机器人非确定性模型进行鲁棒镇定的控制策略，并给出了对机器人进行鲁棒指数收敛控制时系统不确定因素应满足的匹配条件；针对机械手研究模型，深入研究了鲁棒指数收敛控制器对机器人系统中常见的模型参数误差、关节扰动、关节摩擦等不确定因素的镇定控制效果；针对鲁棒指数收敛控制器易产生控制量振荡的问题以及在小范围内系统轨线跟踪的稳态误差过大问题，本文分别提出了基于控制器结构的控制参数调整法和基于轨线跟踪范围大小的控制参数分段切换法。

Based on ABB s IRB140 mini industrial robot,this paper analyzed a 6 DOF multi-joint industrial robot in kinematics,established its kinematics model,proposed a specific simulation algorithm for robot work spaces describing,and generated a continuous work space map,which have significant referenced value in robot kinematics,barrier avoidance,computer control and robotics education.

文章以瑞典ABB公司生产的IRB140型小型工业机器人为例，对空间六自由度多关节机器人进行了运动学分析，建立了该类型机器人的运动学模型，提出了空间六自由度多关节机器人连续工作容积的仿真算法，并根据此算法生成了该机器人的连续工作容积图，这对机器人动力学、机器人避障、微机控制和机器人教学等方面的研究有重要的参考价值。

As one part of the project, the dissertation is developed with thelocalization problem in mobile robot navigation. Combined with "MobileRobot 1 of Central South university (MORCS-1)", a mobile robot designed byus that equipped with a 2D laser measurement system to sense the environmentand the proprioceptive sensors such as the odometry, gyroscope to calculate itsdead reckoning, the approach about the four kind uncertainty factors of mobilerobot localization is studied. These researches include that the error analysisand calibration of position sensors is implemented to reduce the measurementnoise, the 3D kinematic model of mobile robot is built to gain the accuratepose in complex terrain, some work on the automatic detection of static ordynamic obstacles based on laser scanner is investigated to eliminate thedynamic influence of the environment and to realize the reliably absoluteposition, and lastly a robust algorithm is presented to involve the incrementalenvironment mapping and self-localization of mobile robot with unknown dataassociation and to improve the self-localization performance of mobile robotunder unknown environment.

作为该项目研究的一部分，本论文以移动机器人导航中的定位问题为研究内容，利用自行研制的装配有二维激光雷达环境感知系统，并通过里程计、陀螺仪等内部传感器来实现航迹推测的移动机器人"中南移动1号MORCS-1"，重点围绕影响移动机器人系统定位的四类不确定性处理展开研究：通过移动机器人定位传感器的误差分析及校准，旨在消除传感器噪声所带来的测量误差；通过建立移动机器人的三维运动学模型进行航迹推测，以期实现复杂地形下精确的移动机器人本体姿态感受；通过基于激光雷达的动静态障碍的自主检测等相关研究，尽量消除环境的不确定因素影响进而实现可靠的移动机器人绝对定位；通过以上研究，针对未知数据关联下移动机器人增量式环境建图与自定位的研究提出一种鲁棒的滤波算法，改善未知环境中移动机器人自定位的性能。

A novel cable climbing robot applied to cable maintenance was introduced. It is centered orientable wheel-based, omni-directional cable climbing robot. The climbing mechanism of the robot and its working process were described. The driving force needed was analyzed, and the critical force needed for maintaining robot staying cable was calculated. The eccentricity allowed between center of robot and cable axis when the robot moving on inclined cable was discussed, and the least eccentric magnitude was calculated.

提出了一种应用于缆索维护的爬缆机器人机构实现方案，该机器人采用中心可转向的轮式驱动；介绍了机构组成及工作原理，在建立缆索曲线约束模型的基础上分析了机器人的驱动力，计算出了机器人能够在斜缆上工作所需要的临界驱动力；讨论了机器人在斜缆上工作时机器人轴和缆索轴不重合而出现偏心的原因，提出了减小偏心的方法，并计算出了为保持机器人对斜缆的适应性所需要的最小偏心量。

Phasma insectoid机器人 Takram designed this robotic insect to mimic the motion of a live insect instead of it's shape.

Takram设计这个机器人昆虫以模仿活昆虫的议案，而不是它的形状。

The dissertation systematically analyses RV-M1 robot which is used in this study, thoroughly dissects the hardware and software of RV-M1 robot's controller, upbuilds RV-M1 robot's model and coordinate system, develops the robot's forward kinematics formulation, solves the robot's kinematics negative problem, develops RV-M1 robot's dynamic formulation in Lagrange-Euler form, does linearization about robot's dynamics model, and gets this robot's sign solution In order to solve practical problem in the process of robot automatic polishing, this dissertation makes some beneficial researches and trials.

本文比较系统地分析了本论文研究中采用的RV—M1型机器人，较为详细地剖析了RV—M1型机器人系统的控制器硬件、软件，建立了RV—M1型机器人模型及其坐标系，推导出了该机器人的正向运动学方程，并对机器人的运动学逆问题进行了求解；推导了RV—M1型机器人的Lagrange—Euler形式的动力学方程，对机器人的动力学模型做了线性化，给出了该机器人的符号解。

Products include mobile gantry robot automatic spraying machine, electric spraying robot, flexible profiling automatic spraying machine, reciprocating spray machines, automatic coating robots, robot frame, handling robots, welding robot.

机器人产品包括移动龙门式自动喷涂机，电动喷涂机器人，柔性仿形自动喷涂机，往复式喷涂机，自动涂胶机器人，框架式机器人，搬运机器人，弧焊机器人的研制。

Products include mobile gantry robot automatic spraying machine, electric spraying robot, flexible profiling automatic spraying machine, reciprocating spray machines, automatic coating robots, robot frame, handling robots, welding robot.

机器人产品包括移动龙门式自动喷涂机，电动喷涂机器人，柔性仿形自动喷涂机，往复式喷涂机，自动涂胶机器人，框架式机器人，搬运机器人，弧焊机器人旳研制。

The main work of this paper: Firstly, Basing on the summarization and analysis of the walking mechanism, Parallel drive five-bar mechanism is applied for walking mechanism. And then the characteristic of the trail and positive kinematics as well as reverse kinematics are discussed. Secondly, the model of walking mechanism is established according to Parallel drive five-bar mechanism, and then a figure planning is designed for the foot-end trail. The characteristics of the parallel drive are emphasized to research in this paragraph by the method of insert value. At last, the simulation is performed in the ADAMS to compare the real result to the theoretical value. Thirdly, a sealed structure of a Quadruped Walking Robot is designed and established. The whole control system, including motor, sensor and control circuit, is sealed in the robot. Walking is derived in the way of the shaft driving and the dynamic torque sensor is used to the surrounding conditions of the robot's foot-end to be the foundation of the robot's control. At last, the applying principle of the dynamic torque sensor is researched in detail basing on the traditional sensor of the walking robot. Moreover, the principle is divided into several sorts to discuss. Finally, simulation and verification of the monitor principle are come through in the Mechanism of the Pro/Engineer.

论文的主要工作有：在对传统步行机构总结分析的基础上，提出将平面并联五杆机构应用于四足步行机器人的腿部结构，并对其轨迹特性、正运动学、逆运动学特性做了详细计算分析；依据平面并联五杆机构的模型，建立机器人步行机构的实体模型，对其足端的轨迹做了图谱规划，并利用插值法对并联驱动端的特性曲线作了研究，并在ADAMS中进行仿真，将结果与理论值相比较；然后设计了一套四足步行机器人密封装配结构设计方案，建立四足步行机器人单足结构、驱动以及传感器监测的三维实体模型，将机器人的整个控制系统，密封装配在步行机器人的机体中，通过轴传动来驱动步行机构实现步行，采用动态扭矩传感器监测步行机构的驱动关节受到的扭矩变化，从而获得四足步行机器人足端的周围情况，为步行机器人的控制方案奠定了基础；论文的最后在分析步行机器人传统控制传感器的基础上，详细分析了动态扭矩传感器的监测原理，并分几种情况分别分析了其监测原理，并在Pro/E的Mechanism模块中实现了监测原理的仿真与验证，最后给出了传感器监测信息与系统判断之间的关系。

Based on the instantaneous motion of the moving platforms, the uncertainty configuration conditions and simplified uncertainty configuration equations are obtained for the widely studied parallel manipulators, such as planar 3-DOF parallel manipulator, spherical 3-DOF parallel manipulator, 6-SPS triangular platform parallel manipulator, three-branch 6-DOF parallel manipulator, twotriangular-platform parallel manipulator, DELTA parallel manipulator, 5-DOF parallel manipulator, two-tetragonal-platform parallel manipulator, pentagonal platform parallel manipulator and Stewart platform parallel manipulator.

采用这一方法，根据国内外常用的并联机器人机构的形式，建立了平面3自由度并联机器人、球面3自由度并联机器人、三角平台并联机器人、三支链6自由度并联机器人、双三角平台并联机器人、DELTA并联机器人、5自由度并联机器人、双四角平台并联机器人、五角平台并联机器人和Stewart平台并联机器人的奇异位形条件方程，除了Stewart平台并联机器人外，这些条件方程均为低于6阶的行列式，机器人结构类型不同，其简化程度各不相同。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。