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This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义?对於上述疑惑,查既有研究成果,不消没有论述者,具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有,基於此,有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场,不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身,做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法,以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经,以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬,试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌:台南市民俗性京调排场的形成,是在京调传入台南,台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后,结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统,融合而成,形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友,和中国大陆琴师等等),也曾透过与当地子弟的接触,而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时,对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出,不收报酬;聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众,也有少数路过者;演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定;表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要,因此排仙必不可少,且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移,京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动,惟变迁速度不一,大体而言,业余表演者锐减,人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在,因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外,虽然表演意涵不变,但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下,表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中,而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者,据此概貌,在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象,可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环,然而对於台湾文化研究,除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型,进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外,更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史,其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁,呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色,因此展望未来,从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点,保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟,方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

By the name of religion, numerous paintings, sculptures, buildings, songs, poetries are created, and their worldwide honor and worship come naturally from the religious believers' piety. Ever since the decline of religious power, it seems that work of art loses also its honorable position. But, just as art is liberated from the shelter of religious crown, it can return to its own Being, recatch the inner value of beauty, and reconstruct the religious value deeply rooted in the work of art and aesthetic experience.

然而随著宗教力量的失势,艺术作品虽然一方面失去神圣崇高的宗教地位,成为一般的事物;但另一方面,正由於失去了宗教光环的遮掩,才得以从外表簇拥的灿烂繁华,重返存在本身的质朴,拾回其作为艺术作品本身所具有的光辉与神彩,并因而重现其内在本有的宗敎价値。

Reprobation is itself painful, whetner or not it is accompanied by further 'hard treatment'; and hard treatment , such as fine or imprisonment , because of its conventional symbolism , can itself be reprobatory ; but still we can conceive of ritualistic condemnation unaccompanied by any further hard treatment , and of inflictions and deprivations which , because of different symbolic conventions , have no reprobative force .

斥责本身就是痛苦,无任是伴随着进一步严厉的处理还是严厉的处理,例如罚款和监禁,由于传统的象征主义,本声就是检验的;但我们仍然觉察到仪式上的谴责不是伴随着任何进一步严厉处理,而是觉察到负担和剥夺本身由于不同象征性的传统没有责备的力量。

The ontological devoid of subjectivistic philosophy constituted firstly by the neglect of the problem of the mode of being of subject, which conversly was caused by the lack of the definition of the meaning of being. It can be concluded that there are two defects of subjectivistic philosophy.

近代主体性哲学在本体论上的&空白&状态首先表现为这种哲学把一切都归结为&主体&,却没有对&主体&本身的存在方式进行必要的规定;而之所以缺乏这种规定则是因为存在本身的意义没有得到应有的规定。

One is the neglect of the mode of being of subject and the other is the neglect of the meaning of being itself. In order to remedy the first defect of subjectivistic philosophy, especially that of Husserl's transcencental phenomenology, which on the one hand regarded consciousness as the point of departure, on the other hand neglected the being of consciousness.

针对笛卡尔以来的主体性哲学特别是胡塞尔的先验现象学或&意识现象学&把一切都归结为&主体&或&意识&,却遗忘了&主体&或&意识&本身的存在方式问题的缺陷,海德格尔提出了对&主体&或&意识&的存在本身进行追问的要求。

In order to remedy the first defect of subjectivistic philosophy, especially that of Husserl\'s transcencental phenomenology, which on the one hand regarded consciousness as the point of departure, on the other hand neglected the being of consciousness.

近代主体性哲学在本体论上的&空白&状态首先表现为这种哲学把一切都归结为&主体&,却没有对&主体&本身的存在方式进行必要的规定;而之所以缺乏这种规定则是因为存在本身的意义没有得到应有的规定。

Indeed, if can make the performance item of the Olympic Games, so to electronic athletics itself be reveal an opportunity superexcellently, but if if our itself is,sufferring misery, such revealing...

诚然,假如能够成为奥运会的表演项目,那么对于电子竞技本身来说是一个绝佳的展示机会,但假如我们本身都是满目疮痍的话,这样的展示。。。

Cause the film art itself is undividable with cooperation based on division of labor, close connected to commerce and business, undivided with front technique and correlative with common taste, so it is required film workers should have the Art's feeling and ability, and the communicative ability, the judgment of fashion and abilities of the planning and administration.

因为影视艺术本身就具有与人的分工协作不可分割、与商业和经济联系紧密、与前沿科技密不可分和与大众审美潮流密切相关的特点,这就要求影视工作者们不但应该具有艺术本身的感悟力和能力,同时,也应具有与人沟通的能力、判断文化潮流方向的洞察力、计划和管理团队的能力等。

Cause the film art itself is undividable with cooperation based on division of labor, close connected to commerce and business, undivided with front technique and correlative with common taste, so it is required film workers should have the Arts feeling and ability, and the communicative ability, the judgment of fashion and abilities of the planning and administration.

因为影视艺术本身就具有与人的分工协作不可分割、与商业和经济联系紧密、与前沿科技密不可分和与大众审美潮流密切相关的特点,这就要求影视工作者们不但应该具有艺术本身的感悟力和能力,同时,也应具有与人沟通的能力、判断文化潮流方向的洞察力、计划和管理团队的能力等。

In peripheral blood,〓increases, so cause 〓 balance is broken, and 〓 which can induce inflammatory reaction increases obviously too; meanwhile, there are immuno- function change in the red cells, the RBC-〓 receptor rosette promoting rate of serum decrease, indicate this uveitic animal model have both cellular immunity dysfunction induced by T cells and the changes of RBC immuno-function. The analysis of the local and systemic immuno-function changes of uveitic animal model offers objective theoretical bases for combining the local treatment and the systemic treatment.

葡萄膜炎兔房水中房水中〓及IL-2均升高,病变葡萄膜组织中T细胞表面分化抗原的免疫组化检查显示大量阳性细胞,表明兔葡萄膜组织本身存在着免疫功能亢进所导致的病理改变,而外周血中〓增高,导致〓平衡失调,介导炎症反应的〓亦明显增高,同时伴有红细胞免疫功能改变,外周血中RBC-〓受体花环率及血清中RBC-〓受体花环促进率均降低,显示葡萄膜炎兔本身既存在T细胞介导的细胞免疫反应功能紊乱,也存在红细胞免疫功能改变,这种局部和全身的免疫功能改变分析为葡萄膜炎的治疗局部和全身相结合提供了客观的理论依据。

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推荐网络例句

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸,那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛,她便会相信,他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失

But because of its youthful corporate culture—most people are hustled out of the door in their mid-40s—it had no one to send.

但是因为该公司年轻的企业文化——大多数员工在40来岁的时候都被请出公司——一时间没有好的人选。