本体论的

According to the problems that are encountered in designing the mathematical knowledge representation language in NKI (national knowledge infrastructure) and after the discussion of ontological assumptions for mathematical objects, two kinds of formalisms for the representation of mathematical knowledge are provided. One is a description logic in which the range of an attribute can be a formula in some logical language; and another is a first order logic in which an ontology represented by the description logic is a part of the logical language.

根据在设计NKI(national knowledge infrastructure)的数学知识表示语言中遇到的问题，并在讨论了数学对象的本体论假设的基础上提出了两种数学知识的表示方法：一种是以一个逻辑语言上的公式为属性值域的描述逻辑；另一种是以描述逻辑描述的本体为逻辑语言的一部分的一阶逻辑。

Their common vision is to release painting from the obsession of the virtual 3D dimension created by perspective and from the dependence on formula with an aim to clarify the identity of contemporary art of painting. Their effort helps painting restore to the painting process and to the effective presentation of simple and unique material and idiosyncracy.

他们有着一个共同的目标就是想通过自己的角度来澄清当代绘画艺术的本体论问题，使绘画摆脱对图式的依赖和借助透视法制造虚拟的三维空间的执迷，使绘画回到了绘画的"过程"之中、回到对朴素而又极具个性的材料特质的有效表现之中。

In the ontology of novels, Eco asserted that the truth of novels would be presented in a possible world which is authentic, through the imagination and the writing skill of the author. And also, Eco excluded author\'s subjective experience from fictioneering, went in for impersonalization of novel art, which resulted in ignoring the truth of novels.

在小说本体论中，艾柯认为小说的真实性乃是通过艺术家的想象力与艺术技巧的运用，施之于文本建立起一个具有可信性的可能世界；同时，艾柯将创作者的主体经验从小说创作中清除出局，追求对小说艺术的非人格化理解，这导致了艾柯对小说真理性的搁置。

Speech actcould create institutional fact by saying a sentence in appropriate context. The fourthchapter analyses the innovations and limitations about Searle\'s philosophy of society. Inconclusion, the author reflects the modernization road of Chinese society.

除导论外，全文共四章，第一章介绍塞尔的社会本体论思想，认为意向性和语言符号是社会实在蕴涵的两个内在要素；紧接着第二章和第三章分别论述作为社会客观性之保证的集体意向性和作为社会实在之根本构成部分的语言符号；第四章对塞尔的社会哲学进行评价，分析它的积极意义和局限性，并对制度事实提出了一种新的概念；最后在结束语中简单思考它对中国社会现代性的启示。

Especially when he laid "being" in a indefinitely possible arrangement which made people think "nonbeing" there displays his unique angle of view, traditional philosophical method which is always suitable for target lost its logical effect before "being", so the directly perceived the senses phenomenological method entered his fundamental ontology.

尤其是他把存在放在一种无限可能性的层次上而引发的对"无"的思考显示了他独特的一个哲学视角，传统对象型符合式的哲学方法在存在面前便失去了逻辑效力，面向事实本身的现象学方法因之进入了他的基本本体论。

By dealing with the definition of watercolor, thehistory of watercolor, the ontic language of watercolor, the richness of watercolor language,the thesis points out the nature of fault of ontology and reveals its negative influences inpractice in the hope of further prosper and development in watercolor in China.

本文通过对水彩画概念的界定、水彩画的历史沿革、水彩画的本体语言、水彩画语言丰富性的论述，指出"本体论"观点的错误实质，揭示其在实践中的负面影响，以求中国水彩画的进一步的繁荣与发展。

Question about the relation between explanation and context. Around those questions the author goes on the account, and investigates Aristotle's full but coarse idea, Hempel's covering laws model that is logically tight, Salom's fully objective statistical-relevance model, Fetzer's causal relevance model that provides adequate answers to ontic question and epistemic question.

本文就是围绕这三个问题展开论述，考察了亚里士多德粗糙而全面的看法、亨佩尔的逻辑严谨的"覆盖律"模型、萨尔蒙的完全客观的"统计相关"模型和费茨尔的在认识论和本体论两方面可称完备的"因果相关"模型。

The reflection of image is shown through the individual creation of these young artists who insisted on independent creation. Their works are not constrained by any commercial success model. They even take image as the subject of their creation research and discuss image ontologically instead of anxiously create consumption image with their own marks.

图像的映射表现在这些保持独立创作态度的青年艺术家的独特创造，他们的图像不被任何商业成功模式所限制，甚至将图像作为创作研究的课题，从本体论上讨论图像，而不是焦虑的创造带有自己独特符号的消费图像。

K. Popper turn to ontology of three worlds, evolutionary philosophy and philosophy of biology after the middle of 60 decade last century, since he Finished his argument of his falsificationism in the fields of logic, methodology and probabilism. Popper has developed his Evolutionary Epistemology, which occupied an important place in his works during this period.

本文指出，波普尔在上世纪完成他的证伪主义的逻辑学和方法论论证及其在政治哲学中的应用的研究之后，从60年代中期开始，重点转向三个世界的本体论、进化哲学和生物学哲学的研究，其中对进化认识论研究占着一个突出的地位。

This essay has three difficulties: First, difficulty of conception foundation: how to grasp conception foundation, historical background and theory origin of positive economic paradigm and normative economic paradigm from a historical and philosophical perspective? Second, difficulty of formalization system: the viewpoints of positive economists and normative economists are very jumble, this paper tries to clear up the formers' theories, sums up and synthesizes various standpoints, and make it form systematism and standardization. Third, difficulty of combination in visual angle: combining economics and philosophy, resurvey some philosophy problems in economic research from the perspective of ontology, epistemology and methodology, thereby discover new problems, and make rigor argumentation toward it.

本文的难点：1、概念基础难点：如何从一种历史的、哲学的角度准确把握实证经济范式与规范经济范式的概念基础和变更的历史背景、理论渊源。2、形式化体系难点：实证经济学家与规范经济学家的观点非常混杂，本文试图理清前人的思路，总结和综合纷繁不一的观点，并使其体系化、规范化。3、视角结合点难点：将经济学与哲学有机地结合起来，从本体论、认识论、方法论的角度重新看待经济学研究中的一些哲学问题，从而发现新问题，并对其进行严密论证。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。