未耕地

Results indicated that the consolidation region for enhancing cultivated land AIP was 655.14 km2 in the hill region, occupying 48.37% of all consolidation area, in which near LC region the northwest of the hill region, metaphase LC region occupied 19.62% in the southeast of the hill region, both giving priority to the cultivated LC, and far LC region in the southwest of the hill region, equal attention paid to cultivated LC and unused land habilitation; the un-consolidation region was cultivated land in the north plain and, occupying 51.63%.

结果表明，青州市以提高农业综合生产力为目标的土地整理区主要位于丘陵区，整理面积655.14 km2，占可整理面积的48.37%，其中近期整理区主要分布于丘陵区西北部，中期整理区主要位于丘陵区东南部，均以耕地整理为主，远期整理区主要处于丘陵区西南部，耕地整理和未利用开发并重；非整理区主要分布于北部平原，为耕地，占51.63%。

With the development of civilization, peoples demand became more and more , land, as an important product stuff ,the intensity of landuse became higher and higher ,as the result: the quantity of farmland decreasing ; average area of tilth deducing ; urban expanding ; in land structure table ,built-up land ascending ,farmland and non-used land declining .

经济的发展，人类社会的进步，人的需求不断的得到满足，土地作为一项重要的生产要素，其利用结构也随之发生着变化：耕地总量的减少，人均耕地面积的下降，城市的扩张，土地利用结构表中，建设用地比例的上升，农用地和未利用地比例的下降等等。

Based on the acquisition –processing-abstraction of data, the structures an quantities of land use/cover change, the change of degree, the land use/cover dynamic degree and the index of the land use/cover dynamic degree were researched and analyzed comprehensibly in two different periodes(1990-1999,1999-2002) and sum up the conclusion.

结构变化不明显。水域、居民地、耕地动态度比较大，变化较为剧烈；未利用地动态度最小，变化缓慢。1990-2002年间水域、居民地、耕地与其他土地利用/覆盖类型间相互转化面积差额较大，转入面积大于转出面积，即在相互频繁转换同时单边转入明显；林地、草地、未利用地与其他土地利用/覆盖类型间相互转化面积差额不大，处于一种动态均衡状态。

Correlation analysis of area change and its constituent of farmland in Guangdong province indicated that the adjustment of agricultural structure and the use of unstatistic land were critical to the decrease in farmland. The former was used for fishpond and the later occupied 1/3 of the decreased area.

水土保持与荒漠化防治论文：采用统计方法，对广东省历年耕地及其构成进行相关分析，结果表明广东省耕地减少的原因主要是农业结构调整和其它未统计耕地减少；在近几年未统计耕地减少和结构调整中的改鱼塘占用分别约占耕地总减少量的1/3。

Whereas a cultivated land which has been occupied for non- agricultural construction upon approval and can sure start construction within one year is found cultivable and yieldable, it should be cultivated by the unit

已经办理审批手续的非农业建设占用耕地，一年内不用而又可以耕种并收获的，应当由原耕种该幅耕地的集体或者个人恢复耕种，也可以由用地单位组织耕种；一年以上未动工建设的，应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳闲置费；连续二年未使用的，经原批准机关批准，由县级以上人民政府无偿收回用地单位的土地使用权；该幅土地原为农民集体所有的，应当交由原农村集体经济组织恢复耕种。

Whereas a cultivated land which has been occupied for non-agricultural construction upon approval and can sure start construction within one year is found cultivable and yieldable, it should be cultivated by the unit or individual that originally cultivates the land or cultivated by units occupying the land.

已经办理审批手续的非农业建设占用耕地，一年内不用而又可以耕种并收获的，应当由原耕种该幅耕地的集体或者个人恢复耕种，也可以由用地单位组织耕种；一年以上未动工建设的，应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳闲置费；连续二年未使用的，经原批准机关批准，由县级以上人民政府无偿收回用地单位的土地使用权；该幅土地原为农民集体所有的，应当交由原农村集体经济组织恢复耕种。

Article 37 All units and individuals shall be prohibited to let cultivated land lie idle or make it barren.

第三十七条禁止任何单位和个人闲置、荒芜耕地。已经办理审批手续的非农业建设占用耕地，一年内不用而又可以耕种并收获的，应当由原耕种该幅耕地的集体或者个人恢复耕种，也可以由用地单位组织耕种；一年以上未动工建设的，应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳闲置费；连续二年未使用的，经原批准机关批准，由县级以上人民政府无偿收回用地单位的土地使用权；该幅土地原为农民集体所有的，应当交由原农村集体经济组织恢复耕种。

The land use pattern had changed by a relatively large margin in Neijiang city from 1997 to 2005. The main tendency of this change is that with remarkable reduction of cultivated land that decreased by 9936.11hm~2, unutilized land and water area, while garden land, forest land that increased by 7032.23 hm~2, grass land and building land increased notably. And during the research time, the speed of land use type change reduced from garden land, traffic land, forest land, residential areas and industrial and minings land, cultivated land, unutilized land to water area. The main trend of general dynamic degree changed from progressive increase to degression. From the analyses of land use diversion matrix, we know resulting in the quantity change of land use was that cultivated land being occupied by construction,adjustment in structure of agriculture and the implementation of the national reforesting formerly cultivated land policy in Neijiang city.

结果表明：1997～2005年间，土地利用类型发生较大幅度变化，总体上呈现耕地、未利用地、水域面积显著减小和园地、林地、牧草地、建设用地面积增大的趋势，其中耕地面积减幅最大，达9936.11hm~2，林地增幅最大，达7032.23 hm~2；土地利用类型变化速度依次为园地＞交通用地＞林地＞耕地＞居民点及工矿用地＞未利用地＞水域，其中园地为2.67％，水域为-0.01％，综合土地利用动态度呈现先递增后递减的趋势；从土地利用类型转移矩阵分析得出，建设用地占用耕地、农业结构内部调整、&退耕还林&是导致内江市土地利用类型数量变化的重要原因。

For achieving food security, as the cultivated land reserve resources, the exploitation of unutilized land is an important approach to supplement cultivated land.

为了实现粮食安全，未利用地作为后备耕地资源，是中国补充耕地的重要途径。

The results are as follows: 1 great changes have taken place in land use and landscape pattern from 1995 to 2000; the area of woodland, water and unused land has been reduced and that of grassland, cropland and construction land increased; 2 the advance of fractal dimensions, the diversity index and landscape fragmentation degree showed that landscape units became strongly fragmented; 3 the dominant degree of construction and unused land has changed little but that of meadow and water increased, and that of farmland and woodland decreased to some extent, which indicated that the trend of landscape pattern changed from cropland and woodland to meadow and water; 4 the changes of land use and landscape patterns near the road are obvious and it is urgent to strengthen eco_environment protection.

主要结果如下：①1995-2000年间，研究区土地利用变化显著，其中林地、水域和未利用土地面积下降，而草地、耕地和建设用地面积增加；②景观破碎化程度加剧，分维数、多样性指数和景观破碎度均增加；③建设用地和未利用土地优势度变化不大，耕地和林地的优势度减小，草地和水域优势度增加，表明研究区景观格局由耕地、林地向草地和水域转变；④交通干线附近的土地利用和景观格局变化显著，加强这些区域的生态环境保护与建设势在必行。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。