未满足的

B Benefit and detriment Historically, the mon law action of debt was said to require a quid pro quo, and that requirement may have led to statements that consideration must be a benefit to the promisor But contracts were enforced in the mon-law action of assumpsit without any such requirement; in actions of assumpsit the emphasis was rather on the harm to the promisee, and detrimental reliance on a promise may still be the basis of contractual relief See 90 But reliance is not essential to the formation of a bargain, and remedies for breach have long been given in cases of exchange of promise for promise where neither party has begun to perform Today when it is said that consideration must involve a detriment to the promisee, the supposed requirement is often qualified by a statement that a "legal detriment" is sufficient even though there is no economic detriment or other actual loss It is more realistic to say simply that there is no requirement of detriment

b收益和损害。从历史来看，普通法上的债的行为被认为要求一个等价物，而且这一要求还可能导出这样的结论：约因必须是允诺人获益。但在缺乏这一要求的契约在普通法上的违约之诉中仍然得到执行；在违约之诉中，强调的是对受允诺人的损害，而且对允诺的有害依赖可能仍然是契约救济的基础。参见第90条。但是信赖对协商的成立并非必要性因素，而且在任何一方当事人均未开始履行的允诺交换允诺的案例中，早已规定了违约救济。现在，当有人认为约因必须包括一个对于受允诺人的损害时，其假设的要求经常由此表述得以满足："一个"法律上的损害即使在没有经济损害或者其他实际损失的情况下仍然是充分的。认为没有对于损害的要求的主张是更加现实的。

This is a Benthamite theory that I shall name the 'economy of threats' and is the contention that the required conditions of responsibility—e.g.

这是一种我将称之为"威吓的经济学"的边沁理论，其是这样一种论点，即责任的必需的条件——例如：行为人知道他正在做什么，未受到明显的强制或胁迫，不是精神病人或小孩——只不过是这样一些条件，如果刑法所宣告的惩罚的威吓要有任何效果，而且如果刑法制度要在确保以最小的痛苦的代价维护法律方面有效，它们便必须得到满足。

With the development of civilization, peoples demand became more and more , land, as an important product stuff ,the intensity of landuse became higher and higher ,as the result: the quantity of farmland decreasing ; average area of tilth deducing ; urban expanding ; in land structure table ,built-up land ascending ,farmland and non-used land declining .

经济的发展，人类社会的进步，人的需求不断的得到满足，土地作为一项重要的生产要素，其利用结构也随之发生着变化：耕地总量的减少，人均耕地面积的下降，城市的扩张，土地利用结构表中，建设用地比例的上升，农用地和未利用地比例的下降等等。

But programs set, time of course, amount of curriculum, teaching condition, and teaching form are still insufficient.4The reasons why other universities and colleges do not set elective physical education course are mainly due to leaders" consciousness, quantity and quality of physical education teachers, the field and equipment.5The reform and development of elective physical education course in universities and colleges should incarnate the guideline "health first. people oriented". Teaching content should be pertinent, scientific, arranged, and systematic, so as to build up a teaching content system combined theory, skills and abilities. Set programs on base of students" choice, at the same time, give attention to the requirement of social development and students" interest, and make differential treatment according to gender. The classroom teaching should be sportful, joyful, and successful. The organizing of course could be mutual choice, compensating service, both in and out classroom. The score could be graded synthetically assess knowledge, innovation, and effect.6Strengthening the management to elective physical education course, improving teachers" comprehensive quality, making full use of fields and stadiums are all supporting conditions for the development of elective physical education course.

但是开设的项目、开课的时间、教学时数、教学条件、教学组织形式还难以满足学生学习和掌握知识和技能的需要。4、未开设公共体育选修课的高校其主要原因与领导的认识程度、体育教师的数量和质量、体育场地器材等有关。5、高校公共体育选修课的改革发展应体现&健康第一、以人为本&的指导思想：教学内容突出针对性、科学性、层次性、系统性，构建理论、运动技能、能力培养相结合的内容结构体系；运动项目设置以大学生对体育的选择性为基本前提，同时兼顾社会发展的需要和学生兴趣的需要，注重性别差异与因材施教；教学方法力求教懂、教会，体现课堂教学的娱乐性、快乐感和成功的喜悦：教学组织实施双项选择、有偿服务、课内课外相结合等多种形式；学习成绩实施知识+创新+效果的综合考核评价方法。6、加强公共体育选修课动态管理，提高教师综合素质，挖掘现有体育场馆设施的潜力，充分提高利用率是公共体育选修课改革发展的基本保障条件。

Besides, the effects of light and temperature on stomata have not been modelled in any mechanistic model.

在第一章中，通过综述气孔对环境因子响应的数学模型的文献，发现目前对描述和模拟气孔行为的经验模型和机理模型是脱节的，可供选择的气孔模型还不能满足理论分析和实际应用的需要；经验模型没有机理的支持，不能用于理论分析，没有普适性；机理模型都过于复杂，而且其中的一些参数难以确定，所以它们还只能作定性模拟，不能作定量预测，另外，对于光强和温度的影响还未见有人模拟。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。