未应变的

Time are tested under different kinds of stress for nitrided and un-nitrided specimens made from 35CrMo steel. The testing time ranges from 70 to 80 hours. The following equations are regressed from the tested curves: Un-nitrided specimens:〓 Nitrided specimens:〓 The above equations are consistent with the first stage theory for creep.

为此本文通过实验，测试了35CrMo钢渗氮和未渗氮两种试样在500℃时不同应力情况下的应变随时间的变化曲线，实验时间为70-80小时，将测得的曲线回归出以下方程：未渗氮样品：〓渗氮样品：〓以上方程符合蠕变的第一阶段陈化理论公式。

Plastic strain stretching to failure at room temperature induced over 85% volume percent of martensite at all of tested steels. The higher cold rolled strain of steels, the smaller strain at which martensite transformation onset during stretching, but it didn't increase the saturate volume fraction of martensite.

所有301L冷轧板拉伸试样近断口处都发生了85 %以上的马氏体相变，轧制变形量增加，室温拉伸应变诱发马氏体转变开始的应变减小，但未增加马氏体转变饱和值。

The test results showed that: Young Modulus of undisturbed Kitan clay is much bigger than that of reconstituted one under the same stress level; Young Modulus of the same clay under high strain rate is bigger than that of small strain rate; Undisturbed Kitan clay showed perfect linear elastic property within small strain smaller than 0.01

试验结果显示：在相同应力水平条件下，未扰动Kitan粘土的杨氏模量大于重塑土；对于同一种粘土，在应变率大的情况下，它的杨氏模量同样大；在应变小于0.01%时，未扰动Kitan粘土呈线弹性。

The mechanical properties of torqued and non-torqued tungsten alloy are also investigated. A constitutive model that describes rate-hardening and strain-hardening effects is also established for these tungsten alloys.

同时对预扭转和未扭转钨合金材料进行了动态力学性能实验研究，建立了考虑应变率硬化、应变硬化效应的动态本构模型。

If the height of bump is higher, the radius of bump is smaller, and the thickness of wire , substrate and chip is thicker, the strain of package without underfill is smaller. If the height of bump is shorter, the radius of bump is bigger, the thickness of wire is thinner, and the thickness of substrate and chip is thicker, the strain of package with underfill is smaller.

在应变方面，较高的凸块高度，较小的凸块半径，较厚的线路、基板和晶片厚度将对未填胶构装体有较小的应变值；另外较矮的凸块高度，较大的凸块半径，较薄的线路，较厚的基板和晶片厚度将对填胶构装体有较小的应变值。

1 Contrast unstrengthened square reinforced concrete column and 10 reinforced concrete columns strengthened by circular steel jacket were tested under axial loading .

为研究圆形钢套管加固混凝土柱的基本力学性能，进行了1根未加固的普通钢筋混凝土柱和10根圆形钢套管加固的混凝土短柱在不同加固钢套管厚度及初始轴压比下轴心受压试验，初始轴力通过对未加固试件施加后张预应力来进行模拟；在试验研究的基础上，根据应变协调原则对加固后构件轴压承载力进行了数值分析。

To study the basic mechanical performance of reinforced concrete column strengthened by circular steel jacket,a set of experimental work was carried out.1 contrast unstrengthened square reinforced concrete column and 10 reinforced concrete columns strengthened by circular steel jacket were tested under axial loading.

为研究圆形钢套管加固混凝土柱的基本力学性能，进行了1根未加固的普通钢筋混凝土柱和10根圆形钢套管加固的混凝土短柱在不同加固钢套管厚度及初始轴压比下轴心受压试验，初始轴力通过对未加固试件施加后张预应力来进行模拟；在试验研究的基础上，根据应变协调原则对加固后构件轴压承载力进行了数值分析。

The results show that the alloy undergoes obvious plastic elongation, the specimen fractures into four sections and the diameter changes from 16 mm to 12 mm. The fracture surfaces distribute randomly well developed and partially developed veinal patterns. The deformation behavior of alloy is non-Newtonian flow behavior. About 3% amorphous matrix of extruded specimen transforms crystal, the crystal particles with size of 10-20 mm are precipitated in the amorphous matrix, the thermostability of the extruded specimen was lowered. The failure of the alloy is mainly attributed to non-uniform viscous flow under high strain rate resulting from the hydrostatic extrusion process.

结果表明：非晶合金在高应变速率下产生了明显的塑性变形，直径从16 mm变为12 mm，断裂为4段，且样品断口上随机分布着充分发展与未充分发展的脉纹式切变带，由此可看出非晶合金的变形为非牛顿体变形行为；挤压后的样品约有3％的非晶相发生晶化，在非晶基体上析出10～20 nm的纳米晶粒，导致挤压后非晶合金的热稳定性降低；静液挤压高应变速率变形条件使非晶合金产生非均匀流变，是造成非晶合金断裂的主要原因。

The yield strengths of shot peened and unpeened surfaces of a quenched and low temperature tempered steel 60Mn have been detected by using the X-ray stress analyses and strain gauge methods.

利用X射线应力分析技术和应变电测法，对淬火加低温回火60Mn钢的喷丸表面和未喷丸表面的屈服应力进行了测量。

The results of this study indicate that: 1 the post–surcharge secant secondary compression index decrease with the increase in surcharge ratio; 2 the amended post-surcharge secant secondary compression index also decrease with the increase in surcharge ratio; 3 time at which secondary compression reappears increases with the increase in surcharge ratio; 4 the post-surcharge secondary compression strain rate under the same final load with surcharging and without surcharging have a linear logarithm to logarithm relationship.

根据研究的结果显示：1超载比愈大，后超载割线二次压缩指数所受到的折减愈大，表示对软弱粘土的二次压缩沉陷量改良效果愈好；2修正之后超载割线二次压缩指数亦随超载比的增加而折减；3二次压缩再现时间与超载比的关系显示，增加超载比会延迟二次压缩再现的时间并可将分析结果以一均值曲线表示； 4对后超载应变速率分析发现在相同最终载重，未受超载作用与受超载作用的二次压缩应变速率呈现一双对数的线性关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。