未下定义的

Dr Pinker may be right that music was originally an accident and Dr Patel may be right that it transforms people's perceptions of the world without necessarily being a proper biological phenomenon.

平克可能是对的，因为音乐的原本就是偶然而生；Patel 也可能是对的，因为音乐着实在未被定义为相应的生物学现象的前提下改变了人们的世界观。

If any standing charges or the Business be not insured by this Policy (having been deducted in arriving the Gross Profit as defined herein) then in compating the amount recoverable hereunder as Increase in Cost of Working that proportion only of the additional expenditure shall be brought into account which the Gross Profit bears to the sum of the Gross Profit and the uninsured standing charges.

如本保险单未承保经营业务的维持费用（根据本保险单规定对毛利润的定义，在计算毛利润时已予减除），在计算本保险单项下，可以取得补偿的营业费用增加的赔偿金额时，只赔偿营业费用增加乘以按毛利润与毛利润加上未保的维持费用之比例所得的那一部分额外费用。

It is hereby agreed and understood that if any standing charges of the Business be not insured by this Policy (having been deducted in arriving at the Gross Profit as defined herein) then in computing the amount recoverable hereunder as Increase in Cost of Working that proportion only of the additional expenditure shall be brought into account which the Gross Profit bears to the Sum of the Gross Profit and the uninsured standing charges.

注：此条款可广泛使用。兹经双方同意，如本保险单未承保经营业务的维持费用（根据本保险单规定对毛利润的定义，在计算毛利润时已予减除），在计算本保险单项下，可以取得补偿的营业费用增加的赔偿金额时，只赔偿营业费用增加乘以按毛利润与毛利润加上未保的维持费用之比例所得的那一部分额外费用。

For the purposes of the study, NCCP was defined as noncardiac chest pain presenting as substernal chest pain in the absence of significant epicardial coronary artery stenoses.

作者们解释，因此，这项研究的目的，以未发生显著心脏表面冠状动脉狭窄的情况下，发生胸骨下胸痛的非心因性胸痛来定义。

A similar rash has been reported previously in the literature, mostly in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases, but the majority of patients reported under the undefined designation of "neutrophilic urticaria" did have a different clinicopathologic presentation.

在先前的文献中报导了一类相似的皮疹，大部分发生在患有全身性炎症性疾病的患者，但是据报导在未定义的嗜中性荨麻疹这个名称下大多数的患者确实有不同的临床病理表现。

Why? Jumping over an unexecuted definition would mean that a variable could be used even though it was never defined.

为什么？向前跳过未执行的变量定义语句，意味着变量可能在没有定义的情况下使用。

Under the definitions of the probability and the expected values of unhit attacking missile quantity,the expected values of anti-missile quantity and attacking missile quantity hit by a single anti-missile,the weapon operation efficiency was presented at various engagement pattern...

在定义未被命中的来袭导弹概率和数学期望、反导导弹数量的数学期望、单发反导导弹命中来袭导弹数学期望概念的基础上，研究不同作战方式下的武器作战效能。结果表明：提高导弹武器的效能，最为可行的方式是采用2发为单位的齐射。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。