木素化

Last, sulfonation of the methylolated alkaline lignin and its application in Enhanced Oil Recovery had also been discussed.

最后，对羟甲基化麦草碱木素的磺化及其在石油回收中的应用亦进行了探讨。

It is concluded that the ultrafiltration preconcentration combining with multieffect evaporation is a promising concentration procedure for straw black liquor, which can not only reduce the concentration costs, but also improve the subsequent evaporation and combustion operation due to the desilicification and purification of ultrafiltration.

两种膜比较，磺化聚砜膜更易清洗，而且水通量大。5）超滤浓缩后，黑液中木素的浓度和纯度大大提高，超滤是从黑液中分离木素的理想方法。6）与多效蒸发相比，用超滤法浓缩麦草黑液可降低能耗70~85%，若用于黑液的预浓缩，再结合多效蒸发，不仅可以降低黑液的浓缩费用，而且由于除硅和纯化作用，会大大改善后继的蒸发和燃烧的操作。

A part of the flat fibers remained on the sheet surface and the interspace among the fibers became narrow after chlorine dioxide bleaching. The fibers of bagasse and bamboo unbleached pulps were rough, the fiber surface was smooth, and the fiber structure was dense. After oxygen delignification and chlorine dioxide bleaching, the fibers became much more thin, the fiber surface was slightly fibrillated, and the fiber structure was loosen.

经氧脱木素后，纸页表面细小纤维明显减少，纤维间空隙较多，而经二氧化氯漂白后的纸页表面保留了一部分形态扁平的纤维，纤维间空隙相对较少；蔗渣和竹子未漂浆纤维较粗，纤维表面光滑，结构密实，而经氧脱木素和二氧化氯漂白后，纤维明显变细，纤维表面轻微帚化，结构较疏松。

Bamboo first crystallizes then lignifies during bamboo shoot growth and basically forms crystal structure in one month. 1-year-old bamboo culm ends growth and its height,thickness, volume almost change little, but culm tissue is small and tender and there is more water and less substance in it. Bamboo crystal proportion keeps invariable during this period.2-year-old bamboo culm begin to lignify,its cellulose proportion debases and its crystal proportion decreases. Bamboo lignin debases, crystal proportion changes a little in the end of this period.Many-old-year bamboo culm crystal proportion is almost invariable. Freaky bamboo cell wall crystal region's thickness is less than normal bamboo's. Bamboo cross section crystal area and the ratio of long axis to short axis are less than normal bamboo's,and roundness,irregular index, the fiber cap density per unit area increase more than normal bamboo's.

竹笋生长阶段是先结晶后木素化的过程，一个月内细胞壁结晶组织基本形成；2）一年生竹材的植株秆茎生长结束，秆茎的高度、粗度和体积变化不大，但秆茎的组织幼嫩，含水量高，干物质少，竹材结晶度基本不变；3）二年生竹材的植株开始木质化，纤维素比例降低，结晶度减少，到后期竹子木质化降低，竹材结晶度变化不大；4）多年生竹材的结晶度没有太大的变化，结晶度大小处于波动状态；5）畸形竹材纤维帽细胞壁结晶区的厚度比正常竹小，其横截面结晶区的面积、纤维帽长轴与短轴比有所减少，而圆形度、异型指数有所加大，单位面积纤维帽的密度增大。

Experimental results indicate that a kind of lignosulphonate, which has a water reducing rate of 15.2%, with —OH and —SO3 groups, can be obtained by oxidation and sulphonating straw pulp lignin, and that MLP has better adsorption-dispersion ability to cement grains by electrostatic repulsion.

论文摘要：为开发利用草浆碱木素，通过引发氧化和磺化制备了改性草浆碱木素减水剂，测定了MLP的红外光谱、MLP在水泥颗粒表面的吸附量、水泥ζ-电位、MLP水溶液的表面张力及掺MLP的水泥净浆流动性，并测定了掺MLP的混凝土性能。

Soil conditioning agent; utilization of black liquor; modified lignin; aluminum toxicity; ligand; sulfonated lignin; alkaline -oxygen treated lignin; gel filtration chromatography; muconic structure.

农业科技，农业基础科学，土壤学土壤改良剂；黑液利用；改性木素；磺化木素；氧碱处理木素；铝毒；螯合剂；凝胶过滤色谱；己二烯二酸结构

Aging mechanism of wood-plastic composite was: light and heat break down the long molecular chains of wood flour and plastic; the free radicals reacted with the oxygen, which generated carbonyl groups, hydroperoxides and so on; the free radicals also had cross linking reaction, which generated alkoxy; Water destroyed the interface of wood flour and plastic, hydrolyzed ester additives, extracted the small molecule additives and degradation products; Microorganism degraded cellulose, semicellulose, lignin and ester additives; degradation product from different component accelerated the aging, which could be exampled by the fact that HCl from degradation of PVC accelerated the hydrolyzation of cellulose and semicellulose.

木塑复合材料的老化机理为：光和热引发木塑复合材料中木质组分和塑料组分大分子链断裂，产生的自由基与氧气作用，发生链支化反应生成羰基、氢过氧化物等，发生交联反应生成烷氧基等；水分破坏木-塑界面、水解酯类添加剂、抽提小分子添加剂和降解产物；微生物分解纤维素、半纤维素、木素和酯类添加剂；木塑复合材料中各组分的降解产物相互促进老化，PVC降解产生的HCl溶于水，促进了纤维素和半纤维素的水解。

Phenolic agent in alkaline lignin separated fromthe the black liquid can result in a chain etherized reaction on cycloalkanes by alkaline distilling so as to make lignin change its property.

本文对碱木素胺化改性过程中涉及的黑液提取、木素分离方法、碱木素胺化以及其作为沥青乳化剂的应用现状与发展前景等做了较为详细的综述

Phenolic agent in alkaline lignin separated fromthe the black liquid can result in a chain etherized reaction on cycloalkanes by alkaline distilling so as to make lignin change its property.

从蒸煮黑液中分离的碱木素苯环上的酚羟基可与环氧烷基胺发生醚化接枝反应，从而使木素胺化改性。

In order to utilize lignin effectively, base on the situation in China, the study was carried on systematically, centering around the topic of two step sulfomethylation of the soda lignin of wheat straw (the first step is methylolation, the second is sulfonation) and its application. The main purpose is to develop a heterogeneous catalytic system which not only catalyzes but also homogenizes the lignin molecule in the reaction.

为真正高效利用碱木素，木论文根据我国实情，紧紧围绕着麦草碱木素两步磺甲基化（第一步为羟甲基化，第二步为磺化）及其应用这一主题，以开发出在反应过程中既可催化反应又能使木素分子均一化的多相催化体系为主要目标，系统地展开了研究。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。