木材

Its lumber material is narrow for the alburnum, distributes in north compared to the south narrowly, light yellow arrives the yellow light yellow, the heartwood to brown brings slightly red; Has the resin, the durability is bad; The lumber texture, the density, standard natures and so on the festival receive the geography condition influence which grows, is widespread as a result of this lumber distribution, but therefore the lumber material the variation is greatly more obvious than because of the condition other tree seeds; The lumber weight is ordinary, solid.

其木材材性为边材窄，分布在北部的比南部的更窄，浅黄到黄色，心材浅黄至褐色略带红色；有树脂，耐久性差；木材的纹理、密度、节子等格质均受生长的地理条件影响，由于该木材分布广泛，所以木材的材性因条件而变异大比其他树种明显；木材重量一般，较结实。

From view of wood construction effecting, the article analyzes affecting factors of wood main micro-constructions such as tylosis and bored pits in processing of wood chemistry soaking with fire retardants, the article also analyzes existing condition of moisture in wood and relationship between moisture moving in wood and wood chemistry soaking technology treated with fire retardants.

从木材构造对化学阻燃浸渍处理工艺影响的角度，指出在木材化学阻燃浸渍处理过程中，影响阻燃剂在木材中渗透性的木材主要微观构造有浸提物、纹孔等，分析了木材中水分的存在状态和木材中水分的移动与木材化学阻燃浸渍处理工艺的关系。

Take DMSO swollen treatment and DEA-SO2-DMSO decrystallization treatment for example, the X-ray diffraction and the Tobolsky's intermittent stress relaxation of treated woods were determined during soaking in water, analyzed the effects of water on crystal degree and inter-cohesion of treated woods. According to these continuous relaxation curves measured in water with different temperatures, various thermodynamic quantities were obtained by using Eyring absolute rate theory, and reviewed the chemical reactions in wood which occur in different relaxation process. For the first time quantify these crosslinkings formed in the process of tensional relaxation by using the SMCIR intermittent stress relaxation way, and defined the cross-linking reaction types. In order to find out the contribute of drying to the fixation of deformation of chemically treated wood, stress relaxation of oven-dry untreated and treated wood was measured during the process of temperature elevation and descend, then analyzed the effect of temperature change on relaxation mechanism of treated oven-dry wood. According to continuous relaxation curves of oven-dry treated wood under various constant temperature, calculated the thermodynamics of relaxation process and discussed the mechanism of molecule change in wood, at the same time, also quantified these cross-linkings produced in wood by intermittent method and on the basis of which the model of molecular change during relaxation process of chemically treated was constructed.

以DMSO膨胀处理及DEA- SO2-DMSO非晶化塑化处理为例，测定了两种处理木材在水浸渍过程中的X射线衍射及Tobolsky间歇应力松弛，分析了水对处理木材结晶度及内部凝聚力的影响；通过未处理和两种处理木材在不同温度水中的连续应力松弛测定，应用Eyring的绝对速度反应理论计算并获得了松弛过程中的各热力学量，分析了在水中松弛过程中不同阶段木材内部发生的化学反应；并首次采用SMCIR连续·不连续双曲线应力松弛法定量了轴向拉伸应力松弛过程中木材内部产生的架桥量，明确了交联反应的类型；为了了解干燥对处理木材塑性变形固定的影响，测定了未处理和两种处理绝干木材在温度下降过程和上升过程中的应力松弛，分析了温度变化对处理绝干木材应力松弛的影响；根据多个温度水平下的连续应力松弛测定曲线，计算松弛过程的热力学量，考察了绝干木材在松弛过程中内部发生的分子变化机理，同时也用间歇法定量了木材内部新形成的架桥量，并在此基础上构筑处理木材在松弛过程中内部分子构造的变化模型。

Funalia gallica, Lenzites tricolor, Polyporellus brumalis, Pseudotrametes gibbosa, Pycnoporus sanguineus, tested their degrading ability to david poplar wood lignin, measured the lignin content change of david poplar wood after a period of time degraded by 6 wood rot fungi, which is the first study on the biodegradation mechanism of lignin by wood white rot fungi.

本项研究选择了火木层孔菌及另外5种木材分解能力较强的阔叶树上的白腐菌：粗毛盖菌、三色革裥菌、冬拟多孔菌、偏肿拟栓菌和血红密孔菌，研究了它们对山杨木材木质素的分解能力，测定了经6种白腐菌分解一定时期的山杨木材木质素的含量，作为木材白腐菌对山杨木材木质素生物降解机制的初步研究，旨在为山杨木材生物制浆造纸提供应用基础理论研究，同时也可为木质素合理的生物转化为有用的化学品、生物漂白、酶处理防止机械浆的返黄、废水治理、纤维素酶解糖化的微生物前处理等提供相关的借鉴研究，以期在生产实践中减轻环境污染并充分利用木质素资源。

Principle of least squares,digital image segmentation,digital image treatment and digital image identifying were applied into the research of wood science in this research,the wood cell image of annual ring from annual center to wood edge was analyzed,the modified level set method was applied to segmentate cell image precisely for the first time,the identifying of wood cells and hexagon simulation for wood cells were accomplished with active contour model,which had important potential application value in deepening the research of wood properties to a further step,moreover,had an important significance for improving comprehend on wood micro-properties and enlarging the applicable range of wood.

本研究将最小二乘原理、数字图像分割、数字图像处理、数字图像识别应用于木材科学研究，分析了从年轮中心到木材边缘的年轮的木材细胞图像，应用改进的水平集方法准确分割细胞图像，应用活动轮廓模型完成了对木材细胞的识别，并完成了木材细胞六角形仿真，对木材材性的深入研究等领域中有重要的潜在应用价值，对提高木材对微观性能认识，扩大木材的适用范围，具有重要意义。

In the process of wood drying, because that the dry rate on the surface of wood is ten times than which inside, the moisture content of wood on the surface reduce to the fiber saturation point first, and begin to shrinkage, but the moisture inside content of wood is far higher than the fiber saturation point, the higher the standard criterion in wood drying, the more obvious of shrinkage.

摘 要：在木材干燥过程中，由于木材表面水分的蒸发速度比木材内部水分移动的速度大10倍左右，因此木材表面的含水率首先降低到纤维饱和点，并开始发生干缩，而此时木材内部的含水率还远远高于纤维饱和点，干燥基准越硬，这种现象越突出，木材发生开裂的可能性就越大。

The results indicated that,during MV drying,moisture distribution in wood was relatively uniform,without an obvious moisture content gradient along the direction of thickness of wood.Moisture distribution in wood was more uniform in the last period of drying.Above Fiber Saturation Point,the movement of moisture through wood was assumed to be permeable movement of free water and vapor under the action of pressure gradient;below FSP,moisture existing in vapor form in wood moved in response to a pressure gradient.Moisture transfer caused by heat diffusion and a moisture content gradient could be neglected.

研究结果表明：在微波真空干燥过程中，木材内部的含水率分布比较均匀，在厚度方向没有明显的整体性含水率梯度，特别是在干燥的后期，木材内部的含水率分布更加均匀；当含水率在纤维饱和点以上时，木材中的自由水和水蒸气在压力梯度的作用下以渗透流的形式在木材内部迁移；当含水率在FSP以下时，木材中的水分在压力梯度的作用下以水蒸气的形式向木材表面迁移；因热扩散、含水率梯度引起的水分迁移可以忽略不计。

But the timber price is higher, farmers\' harvest willingness is higher as famers hold the waiting attitude. Farmers want to harvest in the large forest plot and bad quality forestland. Other varibles results are sames as the above.In the end, the article puts forward some policy suggestions from three aspects to promote farmers to promote household to engage in forest management on the basis of above analysis.

之后，利用Probit模型估计了农户木材采伐意愿的影响因素，发现影响因素与木材决策的相似，但是木材价格与农户木材采伐意愿负相关，在木材价格持续走高的形势下，农户持观望态度；林地地块面积越大，农户采伐意愿越高；林地立地质量越差，农户越想采伐，可能是想进行低产林改造；其他变量结论与木材采伐决策结论相同。

Different cells,cell density and cell shape lead to comparatively great difference in wood properties and physical mechanical properties, change of wood cells affects change of wood properties including wood quality,wood property and all other aspects,and wood properties decide economic value and directly affect manufacturing and utilization of wood,therefore,the research and analysis on wood cell structure become especially important.

由于树木生长不均匀，使各种树木的木材构造具有多样性，不同细胞体、细胞密度和细胞形状导致了木材材性和物理力学性能存在较大差异，木材细胞的变化影响着木材性质的变化，木材的性质又决定木材经济价值，并直接影响木材的加工和利用，由此对木材细胞结构分析研究就变得尤为重要。

According to the theory of stress-strain relationship of transverse compressive deformation and wood rheological character, it studies the factors about deformation permanent fixation caused by different methods, and analyzes the component change of wood cell wall caused by four physical treatment methods in this experiment. According to the newest research achievements, it is thought that the absolute release of deformation stress and the effective formation of cohesion inside wood are the main reasons of compressive deformation's permanent fixation.

根据木材横纹压缩应力-应变关系、木材流变学特性等理论对木材压缩及变形固定常用方法对形成变形永久固定的主要原因进行了探讨，根据前人对横纹压缩变形的永久固定理论及本实验中使用的四种物理处理方法在处理过程中对木材细胞壁基质物质的变化和表现出的力学特性的影响进行了分析，结合国内外最新研究成果，认为形成木材压缩变形永久固定的主要原因是木材内部变形应力充分释放和内聚力的有效形成。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。