期望值

The first model is the optimization problems with s linear objective function subject to a system of fuzzy relation equations and a system of fuzzy relation inequalities, which are solved by using path method and 0-1 integer programming with branch and bound method.

第一种为约束为模糊关系方程和模糊关系不等式的具有线性目标函数的优化问题，采用路径法及0-1整数规划中的分枝定界法对其求解；第二种为约束为模糊关系方程和模糊关系不等式的格线性规划问题，采用直接法、路径法及0-1整数规划法对其求解；第三种为模糊关系不等式为模糊的，即约束中有一个可接受的容差，采用容差法及正负理想法对其求解；第四种是一种新的可能性模糊线性规划问题，采用模糊数大小比较法、"切片-粘贴"法及正负理想法，并设计了随机模拟的遗传算法对其求解；第五种为期望值模型，利用期望值将其转化为清晰约束系数的线性规划问题的方法。

Results: Normal university students got higher self-expectation scores of firmness, frankness, candidness and enterprise, lower scores of slovenliness, quietness and dressiness. Their gender partners were expected to be very allowable, firm, family-oriented, magnanimous and candid, not to be too slovenly, quiet and dressy. Male students were expected to be strong and enterprising, female being kind, quiet, dressy and lovingly. Students from cities got significantly（P＜0.05,P＜0.001＝higher self-expectation scores of kindness and dressiness than those from countryside. They expected their gender partner to be stronger, more cool-minded and enterprising significantly（P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001＝than students from countryside. Liberal arts majors had significantly self-expectation scores of magnanimity and family value（P＜0.05＝than those of science majors. Sophomore's self-expectation of firmness, frankness and braveness was significantly（P＜0.05＝higher than that of freshmen and junior.

结果：师范大学生对意志坚强、爽快、坦率、事业心的自我期望值较高，对不修边幅、文静和爱打扮的自我期望值较低，对异性在体谅、意志坚强、家庭性、有度量、坦率等方面的期望值较高，不修边幅、文静和爱打扮期望值较低；男女生均对男生的强壮和事业心，对女生的善良温柔、文静、爱打扮和可爱性有较高期望；城镇来源学生对善良温柔和爱打扮的自我角色期望显著地高于乡村来源学生（P＜0.05，P＜0.001＝，他们对异性在沉着、事业心和强壮上的期望也显著高于乡村来源学生（P＜0.05，P＜0.01，P＜0.001＝；文科学生对有量度和家庭性的自我期望显著高于理科学生（P＜0.05＝；大二学生对意志坚强、爽快和勇敢的自我期望高于大三和大一学生（P＜0.05）。

A new definition, expectation of soil moisture content (E/ cm·g·g-1), was introduced in order to reflect better characteristic of soil moisture in root zone.

引入土壤含水率期望的概念，建立了含水率期望值与根系分维值之间的函数关系，并求出了适宜胡杨生长的土壤含水率期望值的范围。

They were asked to give judgment of expected value in 5 kinds of tasks.

以7岁、9岁、12岁小学生和成人大学生为被试，让他们在5种实验任务中进行期望值判断，以探讨儿童期望值判断的发展。

Quantitative relations between the first ionization energy and radial, momentum expectation were established.

通过Guevarn和Sargar等人建立的信息熵与电离能的关系，应用信息熵与坐标和动量期望值的关系，确定了原子体系第一电离能与坐标和动量期望值的定量关系，并得到了与实验值较吻合的计算结

Thirdly, the principal curve and polygonal line algorithm are introduced, and an implementation of polygonal line algorithm based on Quasi-Newton numerical optimization is illustrated. The simulation results show that when this algorithm isused in the detection of curvilinear defects on wafer map, it can converge fast, compute accurately and meet the demand of application of defects pattern analysis, and with the number of line segment increasing, the polygonal line will approximate to the Kegl principal curve.

研究了主曲线、多边形线算法，提出用多边形算法识别弧状缺陷想法，讨论了用拟牛顿法实现该算法的解决方案，针对硅片缺点模式分析中常出现的弧状缺陷，采用该算法进行检测分析，实验结果表明这种算法快速准确，当线段个数或最小距离平方期望值达到一定门限值后，多边形线就已经能够描述弧状缺点集的形状，随着线段个数增加，最小距离平方期望值还在不断下降，最终会收敛到Kegl主曲线。

A standard expected value model for multi-objective multi-stage transmission planning is presented to realize the transmission optimal planning with the control of line overloading risks. In this model, a constraint of overloading risks is built with expected value and standard deviation of random line active power and two objectives are given as expected value of the average power loss and discount value of the investment cost. By modeling uncertain informations with probability theory, the probabilistic DC power flow is adopted for the correlated calculations among random variables in the planning model.4 A novel multi-objective transmission planning approach that considers transmission investment profit is proposed. Requests for transmission investment profit and social welfare are involved in the proposed planning approach.

以方案总投资费用贴现值和平均网损期望值为目标函数，建立多目标多阶段输电网规划的期望值模型，以线路有功潮流过负荷随机变量的期望值和标准差构建过负荷风险约束，考虑了风险发生概率和严重程度两方面的特征，通过对不确定性信息的概率建模，利用概率直流潮流进行各随机变量的相关计算，实现了控制过负荷风险条件下的输电网优化规划。4提出考虑输电投资收益的多目标输电网规划方法，综合考虑市场参与者对输电投资收益和社会总福利的要求加热管及其对输电网规划的影响。

It is verified that th action's mean value of the expected value by simple radom sampling is equal to one by stratified radom sampling.

证明了在期望值决策准则下，用等概率分层随机抽样得到的方案收益期望值的均值，与用简单随机抽样得到的相同。

In Easterlin's word:"As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspirations is to vitiate the expected growth in happiness due to higher income."

用伊斯特林的话来说："收入增加了，人们的期望值也相应提高了，期望值的提高会抵消收入提高所带来的预期有所增加的幸福感。"

First index system for evaluation of electricity customers' credit is established. The index and the subjective experience value of valuators are given in the form of triangular fuzzy number. Then expected values were resulted by fuzzy decision making method based on expected value. Finally, structure risk minimization principle modifies the expected values.

建立了电力客户信用评价指标体系，并以三角模糊数的形式给出指标值和评价者的主观经验值，利用模糊期望值决策法得到信用期望值，最后通过SVM基于结构风险最小化原则修正该期望值。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。