期望

With regard to his expectation about music, Eric wants to hold his personal concert in Hong Kong Coliseum.

至於在音乐上的发展期望，孙耀威则期望能排期在红馆亮相开个唱。

A fuzzy conditional expectation with respect to sub σ-algebra of for a fuzzy random variable is introduced in the complete probability space, and the fact that such a fuzzy conditional expectation exists uniquely is proved and its some properities are discussed.

在完备的概率空间中引进一个模糊随机变量关于■的一个子σ代数■的模糊条件期望，并证明这样定义的模糊条件期望存在且唯一，还就其某些性质作了讨论。

Properties of efficient portfolios and the efficient frontier to the model are systematically analyzed. Our main results concerning the properties are: every efficient portfolio can be solved by minimizing portfolio risk under a given level of portfolio return or by maximizing portfolio return under a given level of portfolio risk; on the efficient frontier, the risk is a convex and strictly increasing function of the return and the return is a concave and strictly increasing function of the risk; the utility function on the efficient frontier can be expressed as a quasi-concave function of the risk or the return if the investor's utility function is quasi-concave.

从理论上系统地对该模型下的有效投资组合和有效前沿的性质进行了分析，结果表明：每一个有效投资组合可通过在给定期望收益水平的条件下最小化投资组合风险来获得，或者在给定风险水平的条件下最大化期望投资组合收益来获得；在有效前沿上，风险是收益的严格单调递增凸函数，收益是风险的严格单调递增凹函数；当投资者的效用函数是拟凹函数时，则有效前沿上的效用可表达成风险或收益的拟凹函数。

Methods:Expected life span was calculated based on the changing rules observed by demographist Coale and Demeny and the iterative model modified by Ca Ruide. Univiarite linear regression model was used to predict elder population coefficient.

采用人口普查资料、卫生事业发展资料，利用SAS9.0软件，根据人口学家Coale和Demeny提出的平均期望生命增长规律和查瑞传修订的迭代模型，预测河南省平均期望寿命，利用线性回归模型预测老年人口系数。

In order to damp the effect of aggressive characteristic of the drivers, the change with time rate of the desired velocity of a single deriver is approximately taken place of the adaptive function in the reduced Paveri-Fontana equation which describes that the instantaneous desired velocity of a single deriver arrives at the deriver' self-equilibrium velocity in the relaxation time.

适应性公式表明单一司机的期望速度在一定的驰豫时间内达到司机的自平衡速度，也就是当交通流处于平衡状态时，个体司机达到的期望平衡速度。

Secondly, a joint pricing and capacity allocation model is formulated considering bulk demand. Chance constrained programming is used to transform the stochastic model. Numerical examples show our model and method is more near the simulation results than the deterministic programming and bigger learning coefficient leads to higher profit contribution.

接着，建立了考虑批量需求的BTO模式下制造企业定价与能力分配的集成模型，利用机会约束规划方法对此随机模型进行转化和求解，算例仿真表明机会约束规划方法较确定性规划方法更好地反映了随机连续需求的分布和波动特征，其期望利润贡献与仿真结果更接近；学习效率越大，最优价格越低，接受订单数量越多，期望利润贡献越高。

Computation formula for expecting probability is derived from simple mathematics Computation method for continuousset and discontinuous set of expecting probability, give reference and academics to personnels who are engaged in engineering hydrology design and research.

本文以简单的数学推导导出了期望概率的计算公式；给出了连续系列和不连续系列期望概率的计算方法；具有可操作性。对于从事工程水文设计和研究的人员具有一定的参考价值和学术价值。

Pre-interventionresearches show that attribution to effort is positively effective for both winnerand loser,keeping individual's higher expectation of success and enforcingpersistent behavior during competition break.Whereas,positive effects ofattribution to ability and luck are limited.They have effects on expectation ofsuccess,which changes disparately to success and failure.

前干预研究表明：在直接的归因定向中，努力归因无论对成功者还是失败者都具有十分积极的效应，不仅能够促使个体保持较高的成功期望水平，而且可以增强竞赛间歇的坚持行为；而能力与运气归因则不然，它们的积极作用十分有限，仅仅表现在对成功期望的影响上，并将视成功还是失败发生迥然不同的变化。

Persons who had high level of social dominance orientation prefered enhancing hierarchy, and desired that "inferior" groups should be more dominated by "superior" groups, while persons who had low level of social dominance orientation prefered attenuating hierarchy, and desired that 'inferior' groups wouldn't be dominated by "superior" groups.

高社会支配倾向者偏好加大不同群体间的阶层差异，并期望优势群体更多地支配劣势群体；低社会支配倾向者偏好缩小不同群体间的阶层差异以增加社会平等，并期望优势群体更少地支配劣势群体。

The expectation norm of Information Systems SERVQUAL has been challenged on both conceptual and empirical grounds, drawing into question the instrument's practical value.

目的：资讯系统服务品质模型的期望标准受到以观念及实证为基础的挑战，质疑量测工具的实用价值，本文测试一组新的量测刻度，其论点为顾客用来评估资讯系统的服务品质的服务期望存在二个程度：1。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。