有限责任公司

My paper is divided into three parts, firstly, introduces one — Person company in basic theory, including its conception, characteristics, dividends and relevant terms in other countries; Secondly, illustrates China should establish one — Person company system, discusses rationality to admit one-Person comPany from theoretical and practical sides, Points out group is not the essence of legal Person, mass organization as Legal Person is a legal Person based on Person; capital credit is the essence of a company, and one-Person company can also have it; limited liability of shareholders does not depend on detachedness of ownership and management, admitting one investor enjoy limited liability will not damage creditors' profits that much.

本文分为三部分，第一部分是一人公司理论与立法概要，主要介绍一人公司的概念、特征、类别及各国的立法例；第二部分全面论述我国应建立一人公司制度，首先，论述全面建立一人公司的理论依据，提出了团体性不是法人的本质特征，社团法人是以人为基础的法人；资本信用是公司的本质特征，一人公司可以具备资本信用；有限责任的基础不是所有权与经营权的分离，允许一人投资者享有有限责任并非对公司债权人极为不利的观点；接着论述全面建立一人公司的实践依据；最后进一步分析我国全面建立一人公司制度的必要性。

But the shareholder′s undertaking of the limited liability to the obligation of company is just in regard to general meaning,actually,the responsibility of shareholder to the obligation of company is more complicative,being not only l...

但股东对公司债务承担有限责任只是就一般意义而言，实际上，股东对公司债务的责任要复杂得多，并非仅仅限于有限责任，在有些情况下，股东还需要对公司债务承担无限责任。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

Because the one-man company has both the protection of limited duty and advantage of the one-man management, and lack of the corresponded restrict system, facing the present circumstance in our country whose management is confused and credit is lacked, its shareholder is much easier to abuse the independent personality of corporation and limited duty, evades the legal or contract responsibility, and harm the behalves of the creditors.

由于一人公司兼具有限责任的保护和独资经营的便利，在公司治理结构上缺乏相应的监督机制，特别在我国当前公司经营混乱、缺乏诚信的环境下，一人股东更容易滥用法人独立人格及有限责任，规避法定或约定之义务，进而损害债权人利益。

By using research means of jurisprudence, science of legal history and economic analysis, and comparative study of government procurement legal systems in various countries and regions, this paper makes approaches to Chinas establishment and improvement of legal system of government procurement.

本文通过对有限责任制和债权人保护制的分析研究，发现公司股东受利益驱动常常会不当地利用有限责任制度，使其成为获取不当利益损害交易相对人权益而又能逃避法律责任的保护工具，甚至公司的董事也享受着有限责任制度带来的不当利益，而公司债权人的利益却得不到充分保护。

The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of colonic intubation by using a novel self-propelled, self-navigating endoscope (the Aer-O-Scope; GI View Ltd, Ramat Gan, Israel).

这项研究的目的是应用一种新型自主推进、自主导航的内窥镜来评估结肠插管的安全有效性（the Aer-O-Scope；GI View 有限责任公司，Ramat Gan 以色列）。

Ichang Beishan commercial chain limited liability company outside North Main Street ...

宜昌北山商业连锁有限责任公司北门外正街。。。

Ichang Beishan commercial chain limited liability company outside North Main Street ...

宜昌北山商业连锁有限责任公司北门外正街。。。-统客B2B

Y ICHANG TianCheng electrical equipment co., ltd is a professional company to produce transformers in the middle and southern areas . And it has 30 years manufacturing histories.

宜昌天成电器有限责任公司是中南地区生产变压器、互感器的专业企业，迄今已有三十年的生产历史。

Liaoyang City Xin Kyushu auto trade limited liability company goods ...

辽阳市鑫九州汽车贸易有限责任公司货物运。。。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。