有限模型

This makes more and more people pay more attention to studies and applications of numerical simulation in thermal recovery. In this research, we have developed a reliable mathematical model for thermal recovery, which takes a full consideration of the effect of viscos, gravitical and capillary forces on the three-phase flow of gas, water and oil, the effect of the temperature on the medium characteristics of liquid and solid, the phase equilibrium of gas-liquid in each component, heat transportation including connection, conduction and radiation as well as heat losses in both the overburn and underlying strata. In the space discreation of the mathematical model, we have proposed a new method based on the improvement of the conventional nine-points difference approximation, which has a higher difference accurancy.

本项研究以热力采油的主要机理为基础，充分考虑在粘性力、重力和毛管力作用下油水气三相流动，考虑温度对各种流体和固体介质物性的影响，考虑每一组分中汽液两相的相平衡，考虑热在地层中的传导、对流和辐射以及上下盖层的热损失，利用热力学第一定律、质量守恒定律和流体迁移定律，建立了正确可靠的注蒸汽数学模型；在对数学模型进行空间离散时，利用控制有限体积积分法，对以往的九点差分近似作了合理的改进，使其具有较高的差分近似精度：结果表明，该公式的近似精度要比以往文献中所给的九点差分近似精度高，可以认为，在油藏数值模拟中，如果遇到非均质情况，使用这种九点差分近似更合理。

The first one is an algorithm with terminal sliding mode equality constraint. The second is a dual-mode control scheme, which enlarge the terminal region. The sliding mode based MPC is implemented while system state is outside of terminal region, and sliding mode variable structure control designed off-line is used once system state arrives in the terminal region.

第一种方法为终端滑模等式约束非线性模型预测控制方法，首先离线设计切换函数使得滑动模态渐近稳定，然后在有限预测时域的基础上对切换函数附加一个终端等式约束；第二种方法为双模控制方案，在终端区外采用模型预测控制，使得系统状态在有限时域内到达终端区内；在终端区内部采用离线设计的滑模变结构控制，使得系统渐近稳定。

To do so, we define an equivalence relation with finite equivalence classes over state spaces of DTITL models.

通过定义DTITL无穷状态空间上的具有有限个数等价类的等价关系，把DTITL的连续状态模型离散化为一阶区间时序逻辑模型。

First, a novel optical switch with thermal compensating mechanism is proposed, and then a parametric design program is developed for automatically generating the solid model of the switch. The solid model of the switch is exported in ACIS SAT file format to finite element software ANSYS for thermal analysis.

首先，提出一具热补偿机构之新型光开关，并使用参数化绘图程式以自动绘制光开关之实体模型；光开关之实体模型可利用ACIS SAT档案格式输出，接著在有限元素软体ANSYS中汇入此SAT档案，以供对光开关进行热分析。

In the surveys, some very closely spaced survey lines displayed remarkable differences in crustal structure. To find the reasons for the differences and to analyze the reliability of crustal structure, ocean bottom seismometer data from the west and east sides of the Dongsha Islands were reprocessed and inverted with tomography technique. The routine processing and inversion procedures include clock correction, position correction, finite-difference ray-tracing-based tomography, checkerboard test and comparison of the inverted crustal model with initial models. As a key step, we analyzed the lateral velocity resolution and smoothed out the short wavelength velocity variation which maybe most probably artifacts in the final velocity models.

在一些相隔很近的测线上，探测的深部地壳结构却相差较大，为了分析这些探测结果中差异的原因和地壳结构变化的可靠性，本文以东沙东侧海域测线和东沙西侧海域测线为例，对采集的海底地震仪记录进行了时间、位置校正和初至波走时拾取，利用有限差分地震走时层析成像进行了走时反演，获得所在剖面的地壳速度结构，并分析了模型的横向分辨率，剔除模型中短波长的横向速度变化。

In this paper the application of wireless sensor network in coal-mine safety system is introduced, the model of the system is designed with the model-driven method and is formalized for automatic analysis with the finite state automaton.

介绍了无线传感器网络在煤矿安全监控中的应用，并引入模型驱动开发方法进行设计，对建立的系统模型进行形式化描述，使用有限状态机技术进行自动分析。

Papers analyzed the management flexibility and value of mining engineering, and set up the model of value of a developed mine,value of an undeveloped mine and value of an exploration project under the conditions of uncertainty with the theory of real option,and worked out the solution of model above-mentioned through three numerical methods,i.e.the Fig Tree,finite difference approximation and Monte Carlo simulation.

论文最后研究了矿业工程中的管理灵活性及其价值，运用实物期权方法分别建立了不确定条件下矿业生产阶段、开发阶段和详查、普查、预查阶段的矿业投资评价模型，并运用二叉树图、有限差分逼近和Monte Carlo模拟三种数值方法对所建模型进行了求解，同时通过实例对论文的研究结果进行了佐证。

A 2-D coupled numerical model, which is the combination Boussinesq equations solved by finite difference method with Laplace equation solved by boundary element method, is established.

Boussinesq方程与Laplace方程耦合计算模型：1 建立了外域用有限差分法求解Boussinesq方程、内域用边界元法求解Laplace方程的二维耦合计算模型。

Using the model of finite dynamic game and extended dynamic game, the paper establishes the optimal incentive system of land trust protection mechanism.

通过有限动态博弈模型与扩展的动态博弈模型，研究建立农村土地信托保护的最优激励机制。

The results of calculation indicate, utilizing the spline finte point method to carry on the analysis of the intellectual structure, the model is simple, the physics relation is very clear. Comparing with the finite element model, the spline finite point method has greater superiority.

计算结果表明，利用样条有限点法进行智能结构的分析，计算模型简单，物理关系明确，与有限元法相关的计算模型相比，具有较大的优越性，实用价值高。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。