有限模型

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

The discrete stiffener solution and orthotropic plate solution are used for analyzing the buckling behavior of intermediately stiffened plates theoretically in this paper.

论文建立了有限条法分析模型，编制了有限条计算程序，用有限条法分析了帽形中间加劲板件的屈曲和帽形肋条的加劲性能。

An analytical model of non-linear shock response of the equipment using shock isolator with displacement restrictor is established and the pseudo-force approach is used for the first time to solve the response.

带有限位器的浮筏隔振系统是非线性系统，该文建立了这一非线性系统的模型，利用伪力(pseudo-forces)法计算了带有限位器的浮筏隔振系统模型的冲击响应，分析了限位器参数对冲击响应的影响。

An analytical model of non-linear shock response of the equipment using shock isolator with displacement restrictor is established and the pseudo-force approach is used for the first time to solve the response.An experimental model of the equipment using shock isolator with displacement restrictor is made.

带有限位器的浮筏隔振系统是非线性系统，该文建立了这一非线性系统的模型，利用伪力(pseudo-forces)法计算了带有限位器的浮筏隔振系统模型的冲击响应，分析了限位器参数对冲击响应的影响。

According to the characteristics presented by armed helicopters during cruising or searching for ground targets, this paper has established the mean-square deviation stationary random model of helicopter tracks. It is an important method to decorrelate the measure noise by estimating the parameters of the color noise online. Kalman filtering and forecasting have been made with helicopter tracks. The simulated study has been carried out on helicopter tracks under the condition of color noise. It is very difficult to get an accurate and reliable prediction when the data is very limited. The paper make use of the theory of grey system to resolve the problem of prediction of helicopter tracks, establishing the GM model of grey systems and the cumulative residual error model of n degree, then correcting the GM forecast model. In the period of sampling, GM model and residual error model have been established on line to improve prediction precision.

结合武装直升机在巡航或搜索地面目标的特点，给出直升机航迹模型为协方差平稳随机模型，在线估计有色噪声参数，对测量噪声去相关，对直升机航迹进行卡尔曼滤波与预估，最后对有色噪声条件下的航迹进行了仿真研究；在数据非常有限的情况下，准确地预测又很困难，本文提出了用灰色系统理论解决直升机航迹预测问题，建立了灰色系统GM预测模型和n次累加残差模型并对GM预测模型进行修正，在每个采样期间内，实时在线建立GM预测模型和残差模型以提高预测精度。

This paper discusses the yield function, loading unloading criterion and constitutive equation of Lagrangian finite deformation elastic-plasticity theory. Finally, Lagrangian finite elastic plasticity theory is used on constitutive models of elastic-plasticity at infinitesimal strain, and the complete constitutive relation for singular yield surface theory is obtained.

本文讨论了Lagrange型有限变形弹塑性本构理论的屈服函数、加卸载准则、本构方程等，最终将Lagrange型有限变形弹塑性本构理论应用于小变形情况下的奇异屈服面弹塑性模型，得出了完整的Lagrange型有限变形弹塑性本构理论。

In order to analyze vertical bearing behavior of large diameter belled pile in soft substratum, three-dimensional non-linear finite-difference numeric models are established with finite-difference program, calculated and measured results are contrasted, and it proves that the calculation models and the chosen parameters are rational.

为分析存在软弱下卧层的大直径扩底桩的竖向承载性状，本文利用有限差分程序建立三维非线性有限差分数值模型，将计算结果与实测数据进行对比，验证了计算模型与参数选取的合理性。

For example, a regenerative reheating furnace fluid flow and heat transfer is researched, which has simplified the flow and heat transfer of hot air stove according to its real operating conditions.The fluid flow and heat transfer of a hot air stove are numerically simulated by using finite volume method or finite difference method,which bases on the heat transfer equation,flow equation of the gas and heat balance equation.

根据热风炉的实际运行状况对蓄热式热风炉内的流动换热过程进行了合理的简化，并基于热传导方程、气体流动方程和气体的热平衡方程，建立了蓄热体的非稳态传热模型，在对模型利用有限差分法和有限容积法得到离散方程的基础上，采用C 语言编制了模拟计算程序。

In this paper,the authoruses the method of the explicit finite-element numerical simulation, which isbased on the most simple two-dimensional-finite-element modle and kinematicsource model,to study the basic characteristics of near-fault ground motion, suchas the changing tendency of the hanging-wall effect and the vertical effect as weonly change the fault dip or the depth of the top of the fault.

本文拟利用最简单的二维有限单元模型和基于有限断层假定的震源运动学模型，采用集中质量显式有限元数值模拟的方法研究近断层地震动的特征，如上盘效应和竖向效应随断层倾角以及断层的上界埋深的变化而改变的趋势。

In this research, a 3-D hexahedral finite element model of left foot including bones, cartilages, and soft tissues was developed. Besides, three finite element models of footwear including flat insole, total contact insole, and flat insole combined heel pad were also built, respectively.

本研究建构一组包含骨骼、关节软骨与完整软组织之左足三维六面体有限元素模型，并分别建构平板式鞋内垫、全触式鞋内垫与平板式鞋内垫加上足跟垫之简易鞋具三维六面体有限元素模型。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。