有限元法

According to the characteristic of the plastic limit analysis model, the Sequential Quadratic Programming Method should be used to solve the NLP problem. In addition, MATLAB and GAMS are introduced, whose usage and points for attention are explained in detail.In the fifth chapter, the program self-assembled and the interface program connected with fore-treatment and after-treatment are illustrated.

本章还介绍了两个比较常用的非线性规划数学软件——MATLAB和GAMS，对它们的使用方法及注意事项做了细致的说明；第五章介绍了自行编制的三维有限元塑性极限分析下限法程序，对相应的前后处理接口程序做了详细的说明。

4Basing on research findings of indoor experiment, Improved Convert Permeability Coefficients Method considering of crossed karst and cranny was put forward, FEM program KARSTCNPM used to calculate seepage in saturation and non-steady karst was reprogramed.

根据室内试验研究成果，提出了考虑岩溶与裂隙交叉局部水头损失的改进折算渗透系数法，改编了饱和非稳定岩溶渗流场有限元计算程序KARSTCNPM。

Secondly,the space finite element model for main arch ring of Changyang Huanglingdong Bridge is established by general FEM programme ANSYS.

利用ANSYS建立了湖北长阳黄陵洞大桥箱形主拱圈的空间有限元模型，采用应力叠加法和传统方法对裸拱形成过程进行了力学分析。

An optimum design for the complex body formed together with the volute casing, base ring and cement foundation of a hydraulic turbine is made by the gradient method and a program is developed on the basis of finite element analysis with the plane and shell element, body element, boundary element and pseudo element.

本文对由水轮机蜗壳、座环和水泥基础所构成的复杂组合体，在采用板壳元、块体元、边界元和伪单元等四类单元进行有限元分析的基础上，选用最速下降法研究了优化设计过程，并编制成程序系统。

The solid modeling based on STL dare mesh instead of the one based on surface is created to increase morphological comparability. Topological relationship among polygons is reconstructed to modify and Boolean operation. Periodontal ligament, supporting bone and glass fibers are reasonably predigested and constructed in CAD system to reduce the amount of mesh. FEA meshes are generated through splitting method to improve quality of mesh.

本文以基于STL数据的网格实体建模代替传统的曲面实体建模，提高了模型的几何相似性；重建三角面片间的拓扑关系，便于了模型的更改及布尔运算；牙周组织与纤维的正向设计及其合理简化，降低了工作量，减少了网格数量；基于STL数据拆分法的有限元网格划分，提高了单元质量。

An experimental and theoretical study on the longitudinal ultimate strength of a box girder is presented in this paper.

本文对箱型梁船体模型作了总纵极限承载能力试验研究，应用基于塑性节点法开发的程序和通用非线性有限元模拟方法对该模型进行了数值计算，获得了与试验较为一致的结果。

First, this paper presents three girders model with double cable planes which main girder and side girder is connected by rigid arms, analyzes the dynamic characteristic of Yonghe cable-stayed bridge and obtains its natural vibration modes (i.e., frequency, damping values and the mode shapes ) by ANLSIS structural analysis program and uses these parameters as dynamic dactylogram of the intact case of cable-stayed bridge. Using the passage of random as the ambient vibration ,the dynamic properties of Yonghe Bridge is measured and the modal parameter of its 15 years after is identified and used as dynamic dactylogram of the damaged case. By the finite element analysis and locale vibration test, damaged and undamaged modal parameter is analyzed and curvature mode shape, which is sensitive to damage state, is introduced as possible candidate for identifying and locating damage in the cable-stayed bridge. Selecting the branch of part measured point from modal parameter, this paper deduces the damaged index which can detect the possible damaged location of the cable-stayed bridge deck and identifies the damaged region and degree for Yonghe Bridge. For the purpose of structural condition monitoring in in-situ , from another viewpoint, this paper introduces the method called the best optimization vector to detect damaged location and degree. The accuracy and reliability of the method presented in this paper are demonstrated by static analysis and test and the healthy state of Yonghe Bridge can be evaluated.

建立了双索面通过刚臂与主梁及边梁相连的三梁式力学模型，采用ANSYS结构分析程序对永和斜拉桥进行动力分析，对其振动模态参数进行识别，以此作为斜拉桥完好状态下的动力&指纹&；采用自由交通流作为环境振源，对永和斜拉桥动力特性进行测试，识别出永和斜拉桥使用15年后的模态参数，确立了破损状态下的动力&指纹&；利用有限元分析、现场振动测试，对破损前后的模态参数进行分析，提取对破损状况较敏感的模态曲率作为斜拉桥破损诊断的参数；并从模态参数中选取部分点的分量，导出可以指示斜拉桥桥面大概损伤位置的Index损伤指标，识别出斜拉桥发生破损的区段及破损程度；考虑大型斜拉桥在线监测要求识别破损的具体位置，从另一角度提出采用最优矢量法具体确定破损发生的位置及程度；为验证本文研究成果，对永和斜拉桥进行静力分析及静力测试，对其健康状况提出可靠的评价。

According to the construction course and finished dead state of the inclined tower cable-stayed bridge without back stay at Tongling Road in Hefei and combining the modern theory and method of the bridge construction control mentioned in this paper, established a space model by large-scale general finite element software ANSYS. It can obtain some valuable result by emulating analysis of the bridge which is under the construction course and finished dead state. It can provide an instruction for the Tongling Road bridge with the result and construction job site monitoring data.

文中根据合肥市铜陵路预应力混凝土无背索斜塔斜拉桥的具体施工过程和成桥状态，结合文中介绍的现代桥梁施工控制理论和方法，运用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了三维空间模型，对该桥进行了施工过程和成桥状态下的结构仿真模拟分析，将模拟计算结果与施工现场振动频率法索力测试数据和分析结果相结合，为铜陵路无背索斜塔斜拉桥拉索张拉施工提供指导，及时调控，确保了该桥在成桥后线形美观，受力性能满足要求。

The time-trace circular cylinder movement and vorticity structure which obtained in physical experiments are also captured in the present simulation.4, Another numerical investigation is also conducted on VIV response of an elastic mounted circle cylinder under planar shear flow conditions.

随着剪切率的增加，圆柱体的运动形式表现出一种全新的轨迹。5基于切片理论并结合有限体积法和动力有限元方法，成功建立了深海立管涡激振动响应的时域计算模型。

In regard to the practical coking process, a kinetic two-dimension coordinate calculation method was established in determination of the temperature field and its stress field of coke tower shell both in radial and axial directions with reference to shell innate flow rate by FEM.

通过动态坐标法模拟了恒速上升的液体介质界面在焦炭塔内沿塔壁爬升的动态边界工况，对其在壁中引起的径向和轴向二维瞬态温度场进行了有限元计算。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。