有限元法

Loosedthe inter-element continuity further with the requirement of Irons'patch test,obtains the weak continuity condition ensured convergence.It comprises thefunction value at the node continue and its nominal derivative continue 2conditions,hence do enlarge the constructing area of the finite element.

用分片试验的要求来进一步放松单元间的连续性，可以得到保证收敛的弱连续条件，它只包括单元顶点的函数值连续和法向导数积分连续2个条件，从而扩大了有限元的构造范围。

In order to determine the optimum thickness of antifreezing layer of highway tunnel in cold region,the thickness was computed by separately using equivalent thickness conversion method ,weather analytic method and finite element simulation method.

为确定寒冷地区隧道防冻隔温层的最佳设防厚度，利用等效厚度换算法、气象解析法和有限元模拟计算法，分别对其设防厚度进行计算。

Based on the geometric deformation, finite element and false structure methods,this paper analyses and deduces the calculating method for the critical strength of the strut -type axile pressure members.

本文利用几何变形协调、有限元和其轭法对具有撑杆轴压构件屈曲的数值计算方法进行了理论分析和推导。所建立的计算方法概念清楚，使用方便，这为进一步进行撑杆式预应力钢管混凝土轴压构件屈曲分析建立了理论依据

First, the cross section of a boxlike girder is discretized into stiffened elements and corner elements, then the FEM program is compiled to calculate the curve between stress and strain of every stiffened element.

加筋板单元是船舶与海洋工程等箱型梁结构的主要组成构件，首先将箱型梁剖面离散成若干加筋板单元和角单元，利用非线性有限元方法逐一计算加筋板单元的应力—应变关系曲线，然后再用逐步破坏分析法得到整个结构的弯矩—曲率曲线，从而求得其极限弯矩。

Temperature field in the sinter process of magnetic ferrite was numerically simulated by using finite element method. Temperature distribution of workpiece during the sinter process is concluded, where it indicates different sinter stage and different diathermanous mode. Also critical temperature is gained, it differentiates between low temperature stage mainly with convection and high temperature stage mainly with radiation.

利用有限元分析法对永磁铁氧体材料烧结过程温度场进行了数值模拟研究，得出铁氧体磁瓦在烧结过程的不同传热方式下、不同烧结阶段的温度分布规律，得出了烧结过程对流传热为主的低温阶段与辐射传热为主的高温阶段的分界温度。

In order to evalue the stability of the wall combined earth and mixing pile,the stability of foundation pit was calculated by the limit equilibrium method and the finite element strength reduction method .

为评价深层搅拌桩复合土钉墙的稳定性情况，采用极限平衡法和有限元强度折减法两种方法，对该基坑工程进行了稳定性计算计算结果表明，该支护方案满足稳定性要求，且两种方法所得的安全系数比较接

This thesis investigates the profile extraction and shape optimization on the result of topology optimization of planar compliant mechanisms. The main context includes the following work:(1) summarizing and analyzing the recent research status, some harvest and unsolved problems;(2) analyzing the conceptual design of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms and its mathematical model and tools;(3) Modifying the method of density contour as the method of profile extraction, and developing a method to optimize the density function in the profile extraction according to the requirement of the design of compliant mechanism;(4) developing a method to abstract the compliant mechanism into a form of links and joints by using the principle of connectivity on topology;(5) developing a method of shape optimization of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms, by representing the profile of the abstracted compliant mechanism as simple curves such as straight lines and arcs, establishing the models of the size optimization of the parameters of these curves, so that the compliant mechanism has a machinable shape;(6) At last, proving the feasibleness and effectiveness of the design method by making simulation design and validating it in FEA software.

主要工作包括：(1)分析了柔顺机构拓扑优化和形状优化的研究现状，分析了目前柔顺机构的研究重点、主要成果和尚未解决的问题；(2)分析了基于SIMP的柔顺机构概念设计方法及其相关工具和模型；(3)针对柔顺机构轮廓提取的特殊要求，提出了密度等值线法的改进方案，对密度函数插值点密度值进行优化，提出优化模型和选择优化算法；(4)根据轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构自身的形状特点，提出了轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构的抽象方法，即应用拓扑学上的连通性原理将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式，并对相应的数学原理进行了证明；(5)提出了平面全柔顺机构的形状还原和尺寸优化方法，对抽象的柔顺机构进行还原，将其轮廓还原成简单曲线的连接，从而建立尺寸优化模型，对机构进行尺寸优化设计，在得到可加工的机构轮廓的同时又能对关键部位进行特别处理；(6)进行了柔顺机构的数值仿真设计，并将所得设计结果导入商用有限元软件中进行仿真实验，证明了设计方法的可行性和有效性。

The coal mining method of oblique sublevel concentration as a new technology hasnt been very perfect in China until now, so we set up three-dimensional finite element model of this kind of mining method novelly based on Datai coal mine of Beijing Coal Group as an example using Ansys software.

俯伪斜分段密集采煤法，作为一种较新的采煤方法，在我国技术上还不很成熟，因此，首次针对京煤集团木城涧矿大台井的地质条件和赋煤状况，通过简化建立三维立体有限元模型，模拟计算了该矿煤层顶底板在开采前后运动变化情况。

The plastic hinge model of perforated liner casing is built up to calculate the collapse pressure according to the strength and deformation behavior of perforated liner casing subjected to external pressure. The calculation equations of collapse pressure of perforated liner casing with initial ovalization are deduced by energy method. The influences of phrase angle, diameter of perforation, shot density, initial ovalization, diameter-thickness ratio and yield stress on the collapse pressure of perforated liner casing are studied. The model and equations are used to calculate the collapse pressure of an actual perforated liner casing as example.

摘摇要：根据煤层气完井筛管受力特点建立了筛管受力的塑性铰模型，利用能量法推导出带有初始椭圆度筛管抗挤强度的计算公式，分析了相位角、射孔直径、射孔密度、初始椭圆度、径厚比和屈服强度等影响因素对筛管抗挤强度的影响规律，并对某煤矿使用的筛管抗挤强度进行了计算，与已有的实验数据和有限元计算结果进行了对比。

The plastic hinge model of perforated liner casing is built up to calculate the collapse pressure according to the strength and deformation behavior of perforated liner casing subjected to external pressure. The calculation equations of collapse pressure of perforated liner casing with initial ovalization are deduced by energy method. The influences of phrase angle, diameter of perforation, shot density, initial ovalization, diameter-thickness ratio and yield stress on the collapse pressure of perforated liner casing are studied. The model and equations are used to calculate the collapse pressure of an actual perforated liner casing as example.

根据煤层气完井筛管受力特点建立了筛管受力的塑性铰模型，利用能量法推导出带有初始椭圆度筛管抗挤强度的计算公式，分析了相位角、射孔直径、射孔密度、初始椭圆度、径厚比和屈服强度等影响因素对筛管抗挤强度的影响规律，并对某煤矿使用的筛管抗挤强度进行了计算，与已有的实验数据和有限元计算结果进行了对比。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。