有规律地

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

With this question discussed in generalities in the past, we have made a detailed classification of contexts and have found out the characteristics of each type of context, to the knowledge that each type has its own adaptive laws, which can thus be investigated according to diferent categories for a clear interpretation. How to study the problem of context correspondence?

过去人们对这个问题一般是泛泛而谈，我们对语境进行了详细的分类，寻找出了各类语境的特征，认识到：各类语境有各类语境的适应规律，因而可以分门别类地进行探讨，力图说明规律。

The evolvement of Diffluence River is the more complicated than Single River, because the diversion"s thing is changed with channel"s distortion. The river diversion is the general reflection of a good many factors, which mutually influence and adjust. In particular, when main channel occurs scouring-silting change, which causes the movement of water, sediment, and river bed in river system, the diversion will more be changed, with the study on division of discharge and sediment been further into, some practical engineering problem are solved.

目前，在对河道分流的认识与治理开发上虽取得了不少成绩，但随着社会经济的发展，人们对分流河道演变规律的认识与治理要求越来越高，随着人类对河流改造活动的加剧，河道的水沙条件可能发生急剧的改变，这些变化有可能使分流分沙的缓慢变化加剧，甚至改变原来的分流规律，许多研究者对分流分沙进行了较深入的研究，并能较好地解决了工程实际问题。

In order to investigate the divarication and chaos properties in nonlinear stage of complex structures deeply and reasonably, the mechanism and essence of the structure mechanics performance must be analyzed.

复杂结构在非线性阶段的行为一般呈现出分叉特性与不稳定特性，为了深入地从机理上了解和认识产生这种现象的本质原因，从而更合理、客观地进行结构非线性力学性能的分析，揭示结构的宏观损伤演化规律，有必要进行随机结构非线性分析方法的研究。

Ground fracture is one kind of geological calamity of ground surface deformation. It is of important significance to the development of the work of disaster prevention and reduction that analyzing and studying the mechanism and the development rule of the ground fracture, grasping its moving trend.

地裂缝是地质灾害中地面变形灾害之一种，分析和研究地裂缝成因机制及发生发展规律，掌握其活动与发展趋势，对防灾减灾工作的开展有重要的指导意义。

The discovery of these rules makes it possible for us to understand the correlativity between music sound effect and its target phenomena, hence making sensible the device of intermedium and this understanding will eventually leads us to the concrete maneuver of music construction.

这个规律的发现使我们有可能系统地揭示音乐音响与其表现对象之间的对应关系及其中介环节的机制，并获得对能够落实到具体音乐形态操作的音乐表现性规律的把握与认识。

The stude announces that their changeable regular of the center of gravity level speed in supporting phase is falling in tne first cushioning phase. When their center of gravity's vertical lines pass their heels and their knee joints go on extended contraction ,their center of gravity level speed has extended .the reason is that their angles have passed the heels and their swinging legs' kenn joints have swinging the front of their bodies. Its power originates the swinging leg's forward active swinging and the decurtation contraction of hip joints 、ankles of the supporting legs.the swinging leg shows "the calf's active backward swinging"before its landing impact,the skill affects the loss of center of gravity level speed when the swinging leg lands.they enlarge their trunks' forward-landing impact phase ,it can decrease the center of gravity level speed's loss after landing and impel the center of gravity level speed to pass the supporting spot quickly.

两人缓冲阶段身体重心水平速度变化规律是在体前缓冲阶段呈下降趋势；当身体重心垂线超过脚后跟后，在膝关节继续缓冲做退让收缩的情况下身体重心水平速度开始加大，原因是踝关节在最大缓冲时身体重心已移过支撑面及摆动腿膝关节已做体前摆动，主要动力来源于摆动腿的积极前摆和支撑腿髋、踝关节的克制性收缩；在摆动腿下压着地前期是大腿积极下压小腿随大腿的积极下压顺势向前下滑摆，在摆动腿下压着地后期表现出"小腿积极回摆"技术，对减小着地时的水平速度损失、加大向前用力都有积极影响；适当加大摆动下压着地阶段躯干的前倾角度，有利于减少着地时相的速度损失和有利于身体重心较快的移过支撑点；缩小后蹬结束后的后伸动作幅度，有利于减小腾空时间。

In this thesis, three major achievements were made in theoretical study: conditions and rules for preparing nano-powders by chemical precipitation are analyzed from the point of view of thermodynamics and kinetics, the principle, standards and experimental method for the aqueous dispersion of nano-scaled metal oxide powders were proposed and verified, mathematical model of nano-filming addition of dopants by chemical coprecipitation was established. In experimental research, nm-ZnO, nm-Bi〓O〓, nm-Co〓O〓 and nm-MnO powder with spherical shape, narrow particle size distribution and small particle size were prepared successfully, highly stable and dispersive aqueous suspensoid of nm-ZnO, nm-TiO〓, nm-Co〓O〓 and nm-MnO powder were prepared successfully and surface modification on these nano-powders was also achieved, 0-3 nanocomposite ZnO varistors with nm-ZnO, nm-TiO〓and nm-MnO respectively were prepared successfully by conventional mechanical attrition, and exhibited much better electrical properties than those of conventional varistors.

综上所述，本文在理论研究方面取得了三项成果：（1）从热力学和动力学角度推导并分析了液相化学沉淀法制备纳米粉体的反应条件和规律，（2）提出了纳米氧化物的水分散体系的设计原理、规范和通用实验步骤，（3）提出了共沉淀的数学模型和计算方法；在实验方面所取得的成果有：（1）成功制备了粒度小、分布窄、形貌对称的纳米氧化锌、纳米氧化铋、纳米氧化钴和纳米氧化亚锰，（2）成功地制备了纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化钴和纳米氧化锰的高稳定分散悬浮液并实现了干粉体的表面改性，（3）成功地进行了纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锰对压敏电阻的0—3复合掺杂实验，试样性能远优于常规压敏电阻，为实现压敏电阻的高能高压化提供了新的方法和思路。

With the use of modern photomechanical methods and the 3-D photoelastical frozen methods, the stress, the strain and displacement of proximal femur were studied and several significant results obtained.

言 近来发展起来的生物力学，是研究动物和人体生命运动规律，用力学观点来了解和揭示生物运动规律的一门新兴的边缘学科，它把生物、力学、医学、工程技术和实验力学等有机地结合了起来，使其成为理论紧密连系实际、很有前途的一门崭新的学科。

Learning about these rules and honestly employing them can improve your chances of finding that great new job, getting the promotion you deserve, becoming a more effective networker and generally increasing your influence at work.

学习这些规律并诚实地利用这些规律可以让你有更多的机会找到好工作、获得你应有的升值、更有效地建立人脉关系并增加你在工作中的影响力。

No clear conclusions can be made about the predictie alidity of specific measures, they found, except for criteria for the underuse of drugs for cardioascular disease.

除了心血管病不合理用药标准外，对于特定评价方法的预测效度没有明确的结论。

The third and last is that almost all of them, being infinite in number, have been impostures, and by idle and crafty brains merely contrived and feigned after the event past.

第三、即最后一点是：几乎所有这些不胜枚举的预言都是欺人之谈，都是在事件过后由无聊而狡猾的脑筋推测与凭空捏造的。