有裂缝的

In this paper, the factors that may cause crack breaking of concrete pavement of several built highways were analyzed systematically and thoroughly. From analysis to site experiments and calculation, it is believed that crack breaking is mainly caused by factors as follows: 1 、 Unqualified sedimentation and losing stabilization of the roadbedinduced crack in the early; 2、 Construction technology、 materials and incorrect treatment methodswere adopted;3 、 Crack breaking induced by thermal stress; 4、 Water cant circulate makes crack cause;With regard to the afore-mentioned problems, corresponding preventive measures, qualified control indices and site control approach are presented based on analysis theory and site experiments.

本文在全面系统地分析已建成的高速公路水泥混凝土路面产生的原因的基础上，通过现场试验及计算分析，确定了高速公路水泥混凝土路面裂缝的主要影响因素有以下几个方面： 1、路基的不均匀沉降、失稳是早期裂缝产生的主要因素； 2、施工工艺、材料问题及养护方法不当； 3、温度应力产生的裂缝； 4、排水不畅影响裂缝产生；针对上述问题，通过理论分析及现场数据提出相应的质量控制目标、现场控制方法。

The elastic stress diagram design method is behind the times and cant meet the command in practice.In the paper the author collected and analyzed a large amount of data about the SLRCP on several typical domestic model experiments and the projects in practice. By summarizing and analyzing the data, the author set up a typical computing model and analyzed the model by the software ANSYS, by reading the output data of the stress and the crack from the program, combined with the experimental results, the author summarized the destroy procession of the stock. The paper also discussed the influence of other main factors to the crack and the stress besides the internal water pressure, such as the concrete material, the dimension of stock and the way of laid-out steel bars.

本文通过对大量实际工程中的坝后背管资料的收集、归纳和分析，选取了具有代表性的计算模型；用有限元软件ANSYS计算了典型坝后背管结构在实际内水压力作用下的应力分布和裂缝发展情况；以国内几个有代表性的模型试验和有限元计算的成果为依据，分析了在内水压力作用下钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道管壁裂缝的特点，并尝试总结出此种管道的裂缝出现的原因及其发展规律，同时确定了坝后背管结构极限状态的新的定义方式——以坝后背管的裂缝宽度来定义。

In 2005, researchers vitrified a rabbit kidney and successfully brought it back to complete functionality -- a big step in cryonics research.

更糟糕的是，一些玻璃状态的遗体在不该出现裂缝的地方，却有了裂缝。

Ground fracture is one kind of geological calamity of ground surface deformation. It is of important significance to the development of the work of disaster prevention and reduction that analyzing and studying the mechanism and the development rule of the ground fracture, grasping its moving trend.

地裂缝是地质灾害中地面变形灾害之一种，分析和研究地裂缝成因机制及发生发展规律，掌握其活动与发展趋势，对防灾减灾工作的开展有重要的指导意义。

The results show that the existing of fractures has influence on percolation flow characteristics of low permeability reservoir.

实验结果表明，裂缝的存在对低渗透储层的渗流特征有明显的改造，裂缝开启前，储层渗流可以看作是基质岩石渗流，裂缝对渗流的影响不大；裂缝开启后，由于其渗流能力较强，将发挥主要的渗流通道作用。

Through block wall experimental study we can find out that cracks would appear late and the load of crack-resisting and limit-resisting are increased obviously by the constructional measures in the wall. It is very effective method that the splayed cracks are controlled by sill ring beam, the horizontal bending cracks are controlled by structural column on the side of the wall and the horizontal cracks on the top of the wall are controlled by the whole ring beam. It is the most effective method that wall cracks are controlled by structural column, crout column and sill ring beam.

通过试验主要得到在墙体中采取构造措施后，墙体裂缝推迟出现，开裂荷载和极限荷载都有很大程度的提高，同时发现窗台圈梁在控制窗角的八字缝、墙体两侧构造柱对于防止水平弯曲缝以及全截面的圈梁在防止墙体和圈梁交界处的裂缝的出现能起到很好的效果，通过试验确定在砌块墙体中采取&构造柱+芯柱+窗台圈梁&的构造措施来控制裂缝是最为经济合理有效的。

Standard of ornamental design acceptance of work: Ornamental design project is finishing dry hind, just can check and accept; Check and accept ornamental design project, whether does the breed that should check ornamental design, norms, design accord with design requirement; Ornamental design should be installed firm, its quality asks to reach tolerance, should accord with: The level of form ornamental design and perpendicular tolerance, every meters must not be more than 5 millimeter, must not be more than 3 millimeter endlong; The tolerance of position of alone ornamental design, must not be more than 10 millimeter; Ying Guangjie of ornamental design surface, design clarity, juncture rigor, must not interstitial, warp, edge damage drops the blemish such as horn; Back up spends exterior Ying Guangjie, design clarity, without break.

花饰工程验收标准：花饰工程完工并干燥后，方可验收；验收花饰工程，应检查花饰的品种、规格、图案是否符合设计要求；花饰应安装牢固，其质量要求及允许偏差，应符合：条形花饰的水平和垂直允许偏差，每米不得大于5毫米，全长不得大于3毫米；单独花饰位置的允许偏差，不得大于10毫米；花饰表面应光洁，图案清晰，接缝严密，不得有裂缝、翘曲、缺棱掉角等缺陷；裱花表面应光洁，图案清晰、无裂缝。

Even worse, some vitrified bodies have developed large cracks in places where cracks don't belong.

更糟糕的是，一些玻璃状态的遗体在不该出现裂缝的地方，却有了裂缝。

In the process of building and using the mass concrete structures, because of the effect of out-side condition and themselves, some faults will form in the structure, these faults will effect the bearing capability and endurance Using nondestructive testing method to test the concrete"s quality and diagnose its healthy, which has the significant sense in assessing the safety stability and research of the administering diseasesThis dissertation mostly researched the testing methods in the mass concrete structure, discussed the principles, methods, features, sphere of application of the ultrasonic testing in the mass concrete structure with faults, used dynamic FEM to simulate the testing process, discussed when the concrete structure with cracks is under the effect of the pulse, how the elastic waves propagate and what are their changing feature, Researched the principles of the first-arriving waves" phase when the cracks" depths are not same, obtained the relation between the inversion point and the cracks" depth, which has the direction sense in the application of projects,The second part of this dissertation is CT , which used the ultrasonic wave running through the tested-substance to get arriving-time of the ultrasonic wave, then inverse the image This dissertation drawed one CT program which can well present the different little cells ultrasonic wave velocity profiles of the substance, thereby to diagnose the quality of the part of the tested-substance, CT has the better using foreground..

在混凝土结构的施工及使用过程中，由于受其自身及外界各种因素的影响，常常会产生一些缺陷，对结构物的承载能力和耐久性造成严重影响，采用无损检测技术进行质量检测和健康诊断，这对混凝土结构开展安全、稳定性评估以及病害隐患治理研究具有重要意义。本论文主要针对大体积混凝土结构缺陷的检测方法展开研究工作，重点讨论了超声波法检测混凝土结构裂缝的基本原理和方法及其特点、适用范围，运用动力有限元数值模拟其检测过程，探讨了有裂缝缺陷的混凝土结构在脉冲荷载作用下弹性波的传播及其变化特征，研究了不同裂缝深度下首波相位变化规律，得出了反转临界点与裂缝深度之间的关系，这对实际工程应用具有指导意义。声波CT是一种新的无损检测技术，它是利用声波穿透被检测体获取声波接收时间，来进行计算机反演成像的技术。本文利用直射线法编制了层析成像程序，能较好地呈现被检测物体各微小单元的声波速度分布图像，从而对检测体的质量状况作出诊断评估，具有较好的应用发展前景。

Tectonic action is the main force causing fractures in the area; diagenesis influences, in a way, the generation and developmental degrees of fractures.

构造作用是本区裂缝形成的主要动力，成岩作用对裂缝的生成及发育程度有一定的影响。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。