有方法地

Numerical differentiation is that derivative value of a function at a certain point is approximately solved in discrete method.

中文摘要：数值微分就是用离散方法近似地求出函数在某点的导数值，关于数值微分已有许多求解方法，但这些方法都有各自的局限性，并且关于高阶导数近似逼近的方法研究相对较少。

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

Dis- Fly away lonely souls into the endless sky so far away When you're all alone Feeling down and lonely Tell me what you see deep inside your soul You only know who you are So don't be afraid Just open your heart to me You will spread your wings like an eagle Learning how to fly in the sky Just like the sun rises after the rain you'll shine in the air Take off your mask and be true to your heart trust yourself and fly away Into the light of joy and truth Where there's a grief there will always be a hope For a place where we can be who we wanna be Your tears may fade away But always keep the faith and live tomorrow Break through the night away into a brand new day Life's just begun Yeah, feelin' the melody of eternity It has the power to set us free Travlin' through the galaxy with only space around Follow the suns peaceful sound It's time for us to end this illusion Fightin' ourselves will only cause confusion Shinin' light is the key of life Let's all get together and make this better I don't know how but there has got to be a way There are times when I Wish I could just disapear Far from this place of pain and hurt If only I could be gone There's something in your eyes Pulls me back from running away Oh, yes it's hard sometimes But now I'm strong enough to tell the sadness goodbye Just like the moon fills the night with the stars I'll dance in the air Seek in the darkness there's nothing to fear I will stand and fly away Into the night I'll find the truth The pain never ends but there's always be a hope To be free eternally in this galaxy To live another day the sun will show the way and I will follow Break through the night away into a brand new day My journey goes on Into the light of joy and truth Where there's a grief there will always be a hope For a place where we can be who we want to be Your tears may fade away But always keep the faith and live tomorrow Break through the night away into a brand new day Your journey's begun

阴间的神-飞孤单的灵魂进入在如此远处的永无止境的天空之远之内当你全部很孤独的时候感觉下来和孤单的告诉我你在你的灵魂里见到起来深的你只知道你是谁如此不害怕仅仅对我开放你的心你将会像一只鹰一样传布你的翅膀学问该如何在天空中飞仅仅在雨之后喜欢太阳上升你将会在空气中发亮脱掉你的假面具而且忠于你的心信赖你自己和飞行之远进入欢喜和事实的光之内哪里总是有伤心事在那里意志是一个希望对于我们能是的一个地方我们想要当谁你的泪滴可能褪色离开但是总是保存信心和活的明天进入商标新的日子之内夜晚之久突破仅仅被开始的生活是的，feelin'永恒的曲子资讯科技有力量释放我们 Travlin'经过银河由于只在附近隔开跟随太阳和平的声音资讯科技是我们结束这一个幻影的时候 Fightin'我们自己只将会引起混乱 Shinin'光是生活的钥匙全部让我们聚在一起而且使这变成更好我不知道如何除了那里之外已经开始是一个方法有时代此时我希望我可以正直的 disapear 离痛苦和伤害的这一个地方很远如果只有我可能不见了某事在你的眼睛中从逃走把我拉回来哦，是的资讯科技努力地有时是但是现在我够强壮来告诉悲哀再见仅仅喜欢，月亮将夜晚装满星我将在空气中跳舞黑暗的找寻没有东西害怕，我将会站而且飞离开进入夜晚之内我将找事实痛苦从不结束但是总是有是一个希望在这银河中是自由地永恒地在另外的一个日子居住太阳将会表示方式而且我将会跟随进入商标新的日子之内夜晚之久突破我的旅程继续进入欢喜和事实的光之内哪里总是有伤心事在那里意志是一个希望对于我们能是的一个地方我们想要当谁你的泪滴可能褪色离开但是总是保存信心和活的明天进入商标新的日子之内夜晚之久突破你的被开始的旅程

Party ah'ou'' yo wow wrong wanna a chair super negro wanna said hanging out man negro show will love some of a faggot you are murd when i dread to make a connect to yo babies dont try helicopter pipe-check we'll be smoking a cigar so as bad as sharper rocking down somebody everywhere of a party over there man sweetie homie sot all the danstroll mad all train the city cause we the best droll size the rockies to flat by a squash like a super star try to right up at the top whoever say no way, check it out the quality's down whoever like it or moaning out turning our stuff around last night a jewel saved my life, now that all you want last night a jewel saved my life, there's a party going on last night a jewel saved my life, now is bergy time last night a jewel saved my life, there's a party going on now should get down jungle fibre getting tie boogy night we'll be the one and the male smoothy is looking for kill we'll be the top place wrong place raping the world cause we would have top place now start the pub we'll be the hard too, shaking everybody what a tough shit bar man rocks for its tale beating me in the dance and never tell mine too, my thingy got to swing it with me my moving making everybody dance i'll be the dance keep surprising everybody with a jet you taking over your mind cause where the jackets were the baseline checking it hard cause we'll be the place sudden start bald day last night a jewel saved my life, now that all you want last night a jewel saved my life, there's a party going on last night a jewel saved my life, now is bergy time last night a jewel saved my life, there's a party going on now bergy time,bergy time bergy time,bergy time damn number rare yo, yeah, come on ,come on ,come on, come on damn number rare yo moving w yo yo 怎么 boorgy

落某人 为情人 homie 醉鬼配备人手所有的 danstroll 疯狂的所有的训练城市引起我们最好人好笑的对褶皱不堪的公寓按规定尺寸制作岩石者喜欢一个超级星尝试到正确地增加在顶端任何人没有说方法，检查出它质量的下来任何人喜欢它或呻吟出将我们的东西转回头昨晚，一些珠宝节省了我的生活，现在全部你想要昨晚，一些珠宝节省了我的生活，有一个宴会继续昨晚，一些珠宝节省了我的生活，现在是 bergy 时间昨晚，一些珠宝节省了我的生活，有一个宴会现在继续应该拿下来丛林纤维得到领带 boogy 夜晚 smoothy 正在找寻杀我们将会是那一和男性我们将会是最上面的地方错误的地方轻敲世界引起我们会有最高的地方现在开始酒馆我们将会是那努力地也，摇动每个人什么强硬的粪除为它的故事的男人岩石打我在跳舞方面我的感人的使每个人都跳舞我将是跳舞用喷气式飞机保存令人惊讶每个人而且也不再告诉我的，被开始的我的 thingy 和我摇摆它你接管你的思想引起夹克是基线的地方努力地检查它引起我们将会是地方突然开始秃头日子昨晚，一些珠宝节省了我的生活，现在全部你想要昨晚，一些珠宝节省了我的生活，有一个宴会继续昨晚，一些珠宝节省了我的生活，现在是 bergy 时间昨晚，一些珠宝节省了我的生活，有一个宴会现在继续非常的数字稀有的 yo，是的，发生，发生，发生，发生诅咒数字稀有的 yo 迁出 yo 摇摆二十折层取出 yo 飞行 yo 昨晚，一些珠宝节省了我的生活，现在全部你想要

Firstbrook expresses, those rubbish mail maker people because very possible meeting wants not tire of to its register Google Docs account irritatedly and abandon mail of this one rubbish producing a method, because Gu Ge adopted a kind of effective ground to prevent to register the method of the account automatically, if they are used after Google Docs account is dropped by screen, they the method that must use handiwork to register.

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Moreover, the actual allele frequency of most varieties deviates far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All PPB、na 、I、h、Gi and Fst have proved to be the references to elucidate that ISSR is a most powerful tool to analyze genetic diversity, compared with the RAPD marker and the allozyme marker is less strong ordinally. We could divided the 70 samples into A, B, C, D and E five groups using three methods according to genetic distance clustering. There is a bit displacement for few varieties in different clustering maps, but the most are similar to morphological analysis despite that there is still a great difference among cultivars in the same one group. The above results imply that the three methods have the different sensitivity and resolution in genetic distance analysis of close varieties. The Mantel test indicates that the results from the three kinds of markers have the significant correlation, which demonstrates that the number of the used three kinds of markers is enough to exactly detect the diversity of all 70 samples to ideal extent. And these methods can be used to evaluate the diversity of the whole group using the miscellaneous samples instead of the individual sample, of the Gerbera jamesonii are mainly from tissue culture plants. In conclusion, the above study results provide a reference for the application of three kinds of molecular markers to molecular marker-assisted breeding of flower. 2. The genetic diversity among the eight introduced cut-flower varieties of Ranunculus asiatica was analyzed by the ISSR markers. Based on the genetic clustering tree, all the colorful flower varieties are clustered into one group, and the white flower varieties into another group. Moreover, among the former group the yellow flower varieties are clustered into one sub-group, and the reddish flower varieties, such as rose color, pink, nacarat, are clusetered into another sub-group.

由三种分子标记的分析结果可以看出，等位基因平均值、观察杂合度、Fis值、Fit值皆较高，表明非洲菊等位基因较丰富，杂合基因偏多，且绝大部份品种的实际等位基因频率在品种内偏离了Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium；PP8、na、Ⅰ、h、Gi及Fst皆表明，ISSR检测遗传多样性的能力最强，其次是RAPD，等位酶最低；根据遗传距离进行聚类，三种方法都把70个品种分成A、B、C、D、E五个大组，每一组中除少数品种发生位移外，大部份品种分类结果相似，且与形态分析结果有相似性，但在每一组中，品种间的聚类差别较大，表明这三种方法在近距离品种间检测遗传变异时灵敏度及分辨力不同；Mantel检测表明，三种标记的分析结果有显著相关性，表明所用的三种分子方法的标记数量已经可以相对无偏地检测到70个品种间遗传变异；非洲菊为组培苗，三种标记的检测结果皆表明，混合样品可以作为个体样品的代表，对整个居群的遗传多样性进行评价；这些研究结果可为三种分子标记方法在花卉分子辅助育种中的进一步应用提供借鉴。

Methods: Uses the toluidine to 20 example syphilitic blood serum red not to heat up the syphilitic spirochaeta bloopd congeals experiments, the enzyme association immunity adsorption experiments, colloid gold immunity chromatographic analysis law3 plants the different serology method to carry on the contrast examination.

因此，对梅毒的早期诊断及正确地评价治疗疗效，为临床提供准确、及时的依据显得尤为重要。血清学试验是目前国内诊断梅毒的主要方法，其检测方法较多，对每一种方法在梅毒的诊断、治疗和预后等方面的应用价值及相互间关系作比较分析、确定有价值的检测方法，很有必要。

There is nothing glamorous in this simple town But there's this special flower that can only bloom right here And all the heavy burdens in our heart, Get carried away The wind can smooth the wrinkles of the past Like a dazzling reflection in the sky I hear the distant calling of the ancient ripples of the sea And I realise that your laughter reminds me Of the soothing sound of the gentle ocean And your heart can't cover up the look of loneliness You don't have to reveal it to me But anytime you need it These faces so familiar in your heart Wait for you to reach to their hands I want to know if that place That I've been once before Hasn't ever changed And remains the place that always will be there for me Till the last goodbye ill cherish it And I can't stop looking back to see That you're smiling waving back at me Gonna bite my lips not to cry And I'm trying to fight this feeling But the tears may get so hard to see Ill be waiting for the day We can reunite again Where the flowers bloom For Jus me and you There is something that the shadows can't explain Something so simple and so obvious, that we forget Behind the cloudy surface of it all, if we look up above We'll see the sun shine illuminate everything we see All the past and present faces here are all to stay Each prayer wishes new memories Im proud to have it all These memories alive inside my heart Blossoming vividly one by one After the rain the roads are muddy and there's puddles everywhere And we clearly see all the footsteps in this journey thru this life we lead And I pray these tears can find a way and breathe life back into the day When the weltered petals in my heart once again blossoming And ill whisper to the ocean breeze and my wish will soar above the seas And a rainbow in the sky will appear for you and i Glistening in the sun, shine for everyone Hey, the only place where the flowers bloom The only place where this wind can blow The only place you can hear this song The only place you can see these sign Hey, the only place where the flowers bloom The only place where this wind can blow I want to know if that place That I've been once before Hasn't ever changed And remains the place that always will be there for me And ill try to fight this feeling But the tears may get so hard to see Ill be waiting for the day We can reunite again After the rain the roads are muddy and there's puddles everywhere And we clearly see the footsteps in this journey thru this life we lead I try to fight this loneliness But the tears may get so hard to see Even thru the scars and memories I won't forget you and me So radiantly shining thru The horizon as it rises high And the wind carries it star beneath the memories Ooh still im waiting for you

没有什么简单的魅力在这个镇不过，这次特别花，只能在这里盛开和所有的沉重负担在我们心中，得过且过风可以顺利的皱纹过去像一个耀眼的反射天空我听到远处的要求古代的海上涟漪我明白，你的笑声让我想起在舒缓的声音柔和的海洋和你的心不能掩盖的外观孤独您还没有透露给我但是，任何时候你需要它这些熟悉的面孔，使你的心等你来达到他们的手我想知道那个地方这我已经过还没有任何改变并且仍然是地方，总是将在那里对我来说直到最后告别虐待珍惜我不能停止寻找回见您微笑着挥手回我要去咬我的嘴唇没有哭和我想这种感觉斗争但是，眼泪可能会因此很难看到虐待被等待一天我们可以再次团聚凡百花齐放为绝对我和你有一些阴影无法解释这么简单的东西，因此很明显，我们忘记多云表面背后的这一切，如果我们看一看上方我们会看到阳光照亮一切，我们看到所有的过去和现在都面临着在这里逗留每个祈祷祝愿新的记忆林自豪地拥有一切这些回忆我的心里面活着开花生动地一个接一个雨后的道路泥泞，有水坑到处我们清楚地看到所有的脚步声在这个征途上，我们通过这个生命铅和我祈祷这些眼泪可以找到一种方法，并注入活力回天当weltered花瓣在我的心里再次开花和虐待低声向海洋的微风，我希望将矗立海洋和彩虹在天空中会出现的你和我在阳光下闪闪发光，为每个人服务嘿，唯一的地方，鲜花盛开的唯一地方此风可以吹只有在你能听到这首歌只有在你可以看到这些迹象嘿，唯一的地方，鲜花盛开的唯一地方此风可以吹我想知道那个地方这我已经过还没有任何改变并且仍然是地方，总是将在那里对我来说和虐待尝试这种感觉斗争但是，眼泪可能会因此很难看到虐待被等待一天我们可以再次团聚雨后的道路泥泞，有水坑到处我们清楚地看到的脚步在这生命的旅程，我们领先我试图消除这一孤独但是，眼泪可能会因此很难看到即使通过的伤疤和记忆我不会忘记你和我因此，通过radiantly光辉因为它的地平线上升高和星风携带它下面的回忆户外通讯仍然等着你

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

If the bill of lading contains particulars concerning thegeneral nature, leading marks, number of packages or pieces, weight orquantity of the goods which the carrier or other person issuing thebill of lading on his behalf knows or has reasonal grounds to suspectdo not accurately represent the goods actually taken over or, where ashipped bill of lading issues, loaded, or if he had no reasonable meansof checking such particulars, the carrier or such other person mustinsert in the bill of lading a reservation specifying theseinaccuracies, grounds of suspicion of the absence of reasonable meansof checking.

&如果承运人或代其签发提单的其它人确知或者有合理的根据怀疑提单所载有关货物的品类、主要标志、包数或件数、重量或数量等项目没有准确地表示实际接管的货物，或在签发&已装船提单的情况下，没有准确地表示实际装船的货物，或者他无适当的方法来核对这些项目，则承运人或该其它人必须在提单上做出保留，说明不符之处，怀疑根据，或无适当的核对方法。这是一句取自《联合国一九七八年海上货物运输公约》中有关提单的条款，仅英语词汇就有102个，这种长句在法律英语中随处可见。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。