有方法地

Evidently,Huang has ahigh regard for micro social study including the study of local history;he attaches importance to first-hand data and perceptualknowledge obtaining from the study of anthropological method;he attaches importance to the ponderation and discrimination of ex-isting theories from historical facts;he insists on the sequence of recognition going from historical facts to theory,and back to his-torical facts again and so on.

认为黄宗智教授尖锐而深刻地指出了目前中国社会经济史研究中存在着&规范认识危机&，他的两部专著的基本研究方法和思路——推重微观的社会研究，包括地方史研究，重视从人类学方法研究得来的第一手资料和感性认识，重视从史实出发对既有理论的思考和辨析，执着从史实到理论、再回到史实的认识程序，等等。

Most techniques in vivo monitoring the distribution, prolification and migration of transplanted cells. To objectively evaluate curative effect after cells transplantation, most techniques for the study of stem cell transplantation in animal models require histological analysis to determine the fate and migration of cells.

监测活体内移植入细胞的分布、增殖、迁移的方法虽然有多种，但传统方法都需要在离体状态下进行组织学切片分析和鉴定，无法准确地观察植入细胞的生长分化情况，从而难以对干细胞移植术的疗效作出客观评价。

The breakthroughs in methods are the following:(1) Rather than scrappily introducing the various techniques of TLG, this paper emphasizes the profound mechanism which functions from the introduction to the modification, and further to the perfection of these techniques;(2) This paper displays the main characteristics and original techniques of TLG by means of its comparison with other theories of language; Section Six illustrates the writing features and frame of this paper.

方法上的突破主要有两点：(1)本文并不是零散地介绍类型—逻辑语法的各种技术手段；而是重在揭示它们从提出、到改进、再到完善的深刻动因；(2)本文通过与其它语言理论相比较的方法来展现类型—逻辑语法的主要特色和创新之处；第六节说明了本文的写作特点和基本框架。

Based on the requisition of wireless system debugging, this paper develops a novel radio-frequency beaconing. Design method and system constitution of a novel beaconing based on PLL IC PE3336 are given, and the accomplish method of the system's hardware and software arc expounded. The test results show that the beaconing adopted in this method has a reliable and stable frequency conversion features. The more applications in the wireless system find that the users can set necessary frequency conveniently. Especial1, the friendly man-machine interface makes the operation is more flexible. It is as excellent performance-price-ratio beaconing, and as a signal source, it can be used in the research and the debug procession of variable radio-frequency components.

根据无线电数据链系统及部件的调试需要，研制开发了一种新型的以锁相环为核心、由单片机控制的射频信标机；文中给出了基于锁相环芯片PE3336的新型信标机的设计方法与系统组成，阐述了系统硬件及软件的具体实现为法；测试结果表明，利用该方法设计的信标机具有稳定、可靠的变频特性，且各项指标均达到了要求；进一步在某无线电系统中的应用发现，用户可方便地设置所需频点；特别是友好的人机界面，使用户操作更为灵活方便，是一种性能价格比优良的信标机；并可作为信源用于不同的射频部件研制与调试过程中。

Polychotomously scored system is better than dichotom-ously scored system,because it makes fuller use of theinformation involved in the examinees response vectorto all test items.2,The assumpt on of dichotomizing polychotomously scoredtest data and the relevant test transferring method isreasonable,the two tests are equivalent.3,Dichotomously scored IRT models are avalable to polych-otomously scored tests if these tests satisfy the assump-tions of the models.

对测验项目采用多级评分有助于更大限度地利用被试对测验项目的反应中所包含的有关其相应的能力或特质水平的信息量。2：本文所提出的把多级评分测验结果二级化的设想和方法是合理的和可行的。3：有本文所提供的方法把多级评分测验转换成相应的虚拟二级评分测验并不会改变原测验的各种性质。这两个测验基本上是等价的。4：只要原多级评分测验满足IRT模型的各种假设，那么该测验所对应的虚拟测验与逻辑斯蒂模型是配匹的。5：把二级评分IRT模型用于多级评分测验是可行的。

Lastly, anti-jamming method based on jittering orthogonal codes at different moments is studied, orthogonal codes are searched with the genetic algorithm, and random initial phase is also used in this method, so great anti-jamming performance is gotten, and the performance is testified through the simulation.

提出了基于正交编码捷变的抗干扰方法，使用遗传算法搜索正交编码集，在不同的慢时刻使用相互正交的编码信号，并与随机初相方法相结合，有效地抑制了基于转发的有源干扰。

To be more technically descriptive, DBC is a technique for contractually obligating users of your code to use methods and properties in a particular way and for those methods and properties to promise to successfully carry out the given request.

详细点说， DBC 是一项在你的代码中有责任的契约调用者，通过特定的途径使用方法和属性，而这些方法和属性并承诺成功地完成请求的技术。

From the author's point of view in this paper, there have two aspects why the research method and production of complex networks are introduced to information science: The first aspect is the subject character of information science ---- multi-subject's intersection and syncretizing; the other aspect come from complex networks character—it's research method and concept are widely used in many subjects.

本文把复杂网络的研究方法和研究成果引入到情报学的研究领域，主要有两方面的原因：一方面是情报学的学科特点—与多学科交叉融合的属性；另一方面是复杂网络理论本身的特点—它的研究方法、概念及模型被广泛地应用于各学科应用研究。

The Japanese after had been understanding basically water ink animation photography method returns to homeland also not to dare to attempt it easily, to the western cartoon movie who emphasizes the effectiveness all along wants their long time, in each picture's decomposition, traces in the line, the lamination, the color the flowered time, then carries on repeatedly on the photographic stage to each picture repeatedly fixes with the photography possibly not greatly, perhaps only then the Chinese only then has this kind of patience.

日本人在基本懂得了水墨动画的拍摄方法后回国也都不敢轻易尝试它，对一贯讲求时效的西方卡通电影者来说要他们长时间地在每张画面的分解、描线、分层、上色中花功夫，然后在摄影台上反复地对每张画进行重复固定与拍摄是不大可能的，也许只有中国人才有这种耐性。

Pile-anchor structure, which is the simple name of anti-sliding pile, foundation beam and foundation frame beam with prestressed anchor cable, is widely applied in geotechnical engineering.

桩锚结构，即预应力锚索抗滑桩和预应力锚索地梁，在工程中应用很广泛，在设计计算中，桩和地梁结构的内力计算理论已有多种方法。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。