有效时间

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

Comparison with the classical fourth-order LWC scheme shows that the NAD-type methods have many advantages. They can generate clearer snapshots of wave fields without any visible dispersion. To obtain the results without any numerical dispersion, the time cost by the LWC schemes is about 559, 1222 and 1955 times of that taken by ONADM, RNADM and SNADM, receptively. Besides, the storage space of ONADM is roughly about 3.3% of that needed for the fourth-order LWC scheme, while of RNADM and SNADM is about 5.8‰.

和经典的4阶LWC格式相比：NAD类算法在粗网格下可以有效的压制数值频散，得到清楚的波场快照；在达到消除数值频散要求时，4阶LWC格式的计算时间是ONADM计算时间的559倍，是RNADM方法计算时间的1222倍，是SNADM方法计算时间的1955倍；而此时ONADM方法存储量只有4阶LWC存储量的3.3%，RNADM方法和SNADM方法的存储量只有4阶LWC格式存储量的5.8‰。

By blocking direct sunshine with the sunbonnet against UV and heat energy to prevent the cab temperature from rising（under the same conditions, the room temperature will drop by 15℃,and the seat surface temperature will drop by 30℃）,we can not only protect the car appearance and the interior meters, adornments, equipments and fittings, prevent the car from fading or ageing, and save the driver's time, but also decrease the gas wastage, save energy, and reduce the unit continuous emission of harmful gases in the car, thus to protect our health.

通过太阳帽抵挡骄阳的直接照射有效屏蔽紫外线和热能，控制驾驶室的气温上升（同等条件下的室内温度可下降15℃，座椅表面温度下降30℃），不仅能有效呵护汽车外表、车厢内仪表、饰件、设备及其配件，防止汽车褪色老化，节约司乘人员的宝贵时间，而且能降低油耗，节约能源，减少车内有害气体在单位时间内的持续散发量，捍卫人们的健康。

Results of estimation of effective parameters in heterogeneous show that: i Seff and Teff values evolve with time, as well as the principal directions of the transmissivity; ii Seff approaches the arithmetical mean of the field; iii Teff converges to its geometric mean at large time for the Gaussian random field we generated; and iv the averages of local T and S values within the cone of depression at early times differ from the Teff and Seff values.

研究结果在空间异质性孔隙介质有效参数的推估方法方面，显示利用传统抽水试验分析来估计有效参数时，从长时间的抽水试验分析所得的流通系数代表在抽水井有效半径内所有流通系数的某种平均值；此平均值与抽水井及观测井附近的地质有很大的关系，而且可能受到有效半径内地质异质性的影响，而储蓄系数的估计值变异很大与抽水井与观测井间地质的储蓄系数特性有关，特别是观测井的位置。

Be such, to new website that still ranks data without Alexa, alexa is collected also have a process, like be just like search to all alone engine is collected, this needs period of time, specific how long is the thing of the specific algorithm inside Alexa, we are bad also and informal speak carelessly, but have a bit, if the visit amount of your station is large, meet what collect quickly for certain, still what Alexa ranks raise a question, the effective affirmation that brush a station can raise a rank, but Alexa rank also is an index that measures a website, collect an amount with Pr value and search engine, key word ranks the algorithm that there is his like waiting a moment, not be effect of 9 days of affirmative certain visibility, it is commonly of course should such, but what thing has exception, so, urgent also be urgent do not come, general left and right sides of a week, affirmative meeting vicissitudinous, if you are,undertaking brushing the word of the station effectively.

是这样的，对于新网站(还没有alexa排名数据的网站)，alexa收录也有一个过程，就好比搜索引擎收录一样，这个需要一段时间，具体多长时间就是 alexa里面的具体算法的事情，我们也不好随便乱说的，但是有一点，如果你站的访问量大，肯定会加速收录的，还有alexa排名的提高问题，有效的刷站肯定会提高排名，但是alexa排名也是衡量网站的一个指数，就和pr值和搜索引擎收录数量，关键字排名等等一样有自己的算法，不是一两天肯定就一定能见效果的，当然一般是应该这样，但是什么事情都有例外，所以，急也是急不来的，一般一个星期左右，肯定会有变化的，如果你是在进行有效刷站的话。

The study of vertical channel with high field effect mobility by Ni induced lateral crystallization, which can form larger grains on channel regions and reduce grain boundary defects. We detect the method of Ni induced lateral crystallization through high field effective mobility, but that accumulates too much Ni on floating N+ region and causes defects and metal contamination. As Ni is used to form silicde and then proceed to low temperature annealing, we can observe the floating region that has no Ni acumination regions or contaminations. This aids us in obtaining good electronic performance of this device, not only the remote field effective mobility but also the vast improvement of sub-threshold swing and on/off currents.

接著，是延续垂直通道的研究，希望能有效的提升电子迁移率，因此以镍金属诱导横向结晶的方式使通道形成较大的结晶，减少矽晶粒之间的缺陷，而在初步的研究，发现以镍金属直接诱导横向结晶的方式，经由低温长时间回火之后，由於镍金属扩散的关系，完成诱导结晶之后，有过多的镍金属聚集在顶部参杂的中间区域，而造成过多的缺陷累积，虽然电子迁移率有效的提升，但整体的电性并不如预期，因此提出先形成镍金属矽化物后，将未反应的镍金属或金属氧化物去除之后，再进行镍金属矽化物诱导横向结晶处理，经由结果观察得知在顶部掺杂区域部分没有明显的镍金属累积或污染，并且得到很好的整体电性，除了电子迁移率有效提升之外，次临界特性以及导通电流都能有效改善。

Oriented to the knowledge processing in IHS, in order to design a tume Petri nets efficient algorithm for temporal knowledge reasoning the dissertation makes full use of the efficiency of Petri nets for knowledge processing and the model of train group operation.

针对智能混杂系统的知识处理问题，在已经建立的列车群运行系统的对象Petri网模型的基础上，本文利用Petri网对知识的处理能力，给出了一种有效的时间Petri网的时间知识推理算法，由于算法中引入模糊时间区间的操作、保留了最少数量的生成图节点，所以该算法比已有的算法效率高并可处理时间区间的不确定性问题。

At the same time, chaotic pseudo-random sequences generator based on nonlinear dynamic filter security model are constructed to select the frequency hopping points for NDFT, improving the overall system security. 3、Aiming at replay attack of networks in the remote speaker recognition systems and distributed databases speaker recognition systems, a time-stamp watermarking method is brought, which quantizes magnitude coefficients of NDFT. The time-stamp watermarking is embedded into the user's voice sample/voice characteristic information to resist on the replay attack.

同时该类算法采用以非线性动力学滤波器为基础的伪随机序列发生器构造跳频序列来选择频率变换点集合，有效提高了系统的安全性。3、针对远程说话人识别系统以及数据库分布式说话人识别系统存在易受网络重放攻击的缺陷，本文给出一种基于非均匀傅立叶变换的&时间戳&水印量化算法，通过把时间戳水印嵌入待识别用户的语音样本/语音特征信息中，可以有效解决此类缺陷。

The transformation efficiency of potato via Agrobaterium tumefaciens system was studied,and the result showed that stem cutting is better than leaf for its high callus induction efficiency ,strong ability to differentiation and regeneration and easy to obtain.

并对遗传转化体系进行了优化：采用加入AgNO3有效的防止了外植体在培养过程中的褐化问题；对于转化过程中预培养的时间、共培养时间、农杆菌浸染时间和浸染浓度进行了试验，茎段的预培养2天、叶盘预培养3天，共培养时间茎段为3天、叶盘以2天为宜。

Methods Quantitative disinfection experiments for an electrolyzed-oxidizing water with effective chlorine content of 2 mg/L and some disinfectants such as trichloro-isocyanuric acid,sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide were carried out.

结果酸性电位水在1 min内的杀菌效果相当于含40 mg/L有效氯的三氯异氰尿酸或次氯酸钠及含30 mg/L有效氯的二氧化氯；随着消毒时间的延长，含氯消毒剂与酸性电位水杀菌效果的差别逐渐缩小，含20 mg/L有效氯的含氯消毒剂消毒5 min的消毒效果与酸性电位水相当。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。