有效时间

The results show that with corona discharge and copolymerization time, the grafting degree of AAM onto BOPP film increases.

结果表明，电火花能有效地引发AAM在BOPP薄膜表面的接枝聚合反应，随着电火花处理时间和接枝反应时间的延长，AAM在BOPP薄膜表面的接枝率增大。

In this paper, poplar wood injected with unsaturated alkene monomers was used as testing materials to prepare WPC.

以速生杨木为试材，并通过向试材中注入不饱和烯烃类单体；用正交试验的方法，分析了真空度、真空时间、浸注压力和加压时间4因素对木材留存率的影响来初步判断实现速生杨木的木塑复合材的有效工艺。

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

It not only can increase the aperture ratio, but it also can decrease the time of charge as well as can accelerate the speed of setting the pixel.

在新型的画素电路方面，是提出新式电流型的画素电路，主要是改善传统电路中储存电容过大，造成开口率过低的问题，新型画素电路可将储存电容有效的缩小，不仅可增加开口率，且能减少充电时间，加速画素设定时间，适合应用於大画面、高解析度的面板。

Patient controlled analgesia in paediatric surgery: a prospetive study following laparoscopic and open appendicectomy.

2.2 两组麻醉平面、手术时间自控给药次数及有效次数均无显著差异，镇痛时间和用药量有明显差异(P＜0.05)(见表2)。

This results in error in counting. Hence, if we want to get the precise 〓 of time series of spontaneous discharge of auditory nerve, we should process the data in advance.

看来要精确计算听神经自发放电时间序列的关联维，需要先对听神经自发放电时间序列进行一些有效的数据转换。

From the research result mentioned above, it was concluded that the selection of excellent single shoot tissue culture seedlings was an effective approach to guarantee fast growth and high yield of rattan plantation; the application of advance planting technique, such as controlling planting time, seedling number per group and spacing was very important for the purpose of minimizing unfavorable effect of rattan planting on upper trees, increasing cane yield and improving the level of economic gain; the determination of optimal harvest regime by adjusting the first harvest time, the lower limit of stem length for cutting as well as the harvest interval offered technical support to utilize resources reasonably and sufficiently and to enhance the economic benefit dramatically.

综合分析，通过组培快繁技术选择优质组培单芽藤是保证藤林速生丰产的有效途径；根据藤种的生物学特性，选择适宜的林地和上层林分，采取调控种植时间、丛栽株数和株行距等造林措施是减少棕榈藤间种对上层树种不利影响、有效增加原藤产量和提高林地增益水平的关键措施；而通过控制初始采收龄、起采茎长和采收间隔期，确定藤林最佳采收方式是促进资源充分利用、提高藤林的经济效益的有力保障。

It is avoid of the businessman on the net " 3 packets " responsibility, nonperformance serves acceptance, after service system is diseased; 4 it is different ground consumption is in the majority, once produce consumptive issue, solve time to grow, handle process loaded down with trivial details; 5 it is to lack significant evidence, shop for instance bill, maintenance log, increased the dimension authority difficulty of consumer; 6 it is to be put in illegal business, after consumer is decieved, contact with distributors reseizure hard, also cannot offer to concerned branch handle a case effectively clew.

三是网上商家规避&三包&责任，不履行服务承诺，售后服务体系不健全；四是异地消费居多，一旦发生消费纠纷，解决时间长，处理过程烦琐；五是缺少有效证据，比如购物发票、维修记录，增加了消费者的维权难度；六是存在非法企业，消费者受骗后难以与销售商再取得联系，也无法向有关部门提供有效办案线索。

Play sport of medal of allied and recreational chess to accept numerous scale wide, love by broad netizen, can promote website user effectively online time, IP and PV,; of viscosity of effective promotion user plays the group group function with peculiar sport of medal of allied and recreational chess, still can drive an user to recommend new user, bring for the website thereby increase flow newly.

玩联盟休闲棋牌游戏受众面广，深受广大网民喜爱，可有效提升网站用户在线时间、IP和PV，有效提升用户黏度；玩联盟休闲棋牌游戏特有的组队功能，还可带动用户推荐新用户，从而为网站带来新增流量。

Bentall's procedure can be effective in the treatment of ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic valve insufficiency. To improve surgical technique, reduce the CPB time, decreases the myocardial injury are the essential factors to the surgical success.

Bentall手术是治疗升主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的有效办法，改善吻合技术、缩短体外循环及深低温停循环时间、保证移植后冠脉有效灌注是提高手术成功率的关键因素。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。