有效数

The works in the project just done can be summarized as five respects.(1) A device was designed to fabricate the asymmetrical resonant cavities by a pendant drop. A series ARCs with variable parameters provides a valuable experimental method for investigating the characteristics of ARCs.(2) The relationship between the number of active modes and the shape parameters in an ARC was investigated. The experimental lasing threshold was compared with theoretical result, the good agreement between two shown that it was the decrease of the number of active modes in an ARC that decreased lasing threshold.(3) Dye lasing gain was used to enhance the signals of stimulated Raman scattering of the weak gain Raman modes in a circular cavity made by a pendant drop, the instantaneous SRS spectra of weak gain Raman modes in ethanol was obtained by this new method.(4) The SRS signals of minority compound in a binary chemical complex was obtained by using dye lasing gain method. The detection concentration of minority compound was reduced to an order compared with normal SRS method.(5) A cylindrical circular cavity was formed by a liquid jet, which was used to reduce the pump intensity required for laser induced plasma spectroscopy. The limit of detection of trace element in aqueous sample was greatly decreased by this new method.

我们设计并成功制作了使悬垂液滴连续变形的装置，用此装置可以方便地改变非圆对称谐振腔的几何参数，为ARCs的研究提供了一种有效的实验方法；研究了ARCs中活性模式数和变形参数间的变化规律，激光阈值的数值计算结果和激光辐射的实验结果作了比较，二者吻合的曲线说明ARCs中活性模式数量的减少是受激辐射放大阈值降低的原因；在由单元化合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，首次尝试用"激光增益"增强弱增益拉曼模式的受激拉曼散射信号，获得了乙醇分子中弱增益拉曼模式的瞬态SRS光谱；在由二元混合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，用染料的激光增益增强了少量化合物的SRS信号，把少量化合物的SRS信号探测浓度降低了近一个数量级，在SRS应用于瞬态过程的组份分析方面做了卓有成效的探索；用石英毛细管形成的稳定液拄构成拄形谐振腔，降低了激光诱导等离子体光谱需要的激励能量，有效地降低了水相样品的痕量元素分析极限，为LIPS应用于微量元素的化学分析开拓了一条新的技术路线。

The effects of sodium hydroxide concentration and chlorination temperature on effective chlorine content of calcium hypochlorite were tested.

测试了烧碱质量分数和氯化温度对漂粉精有效氯含量的影响，测试了分盐用标准筛目数对漂粉精有效氯含量和过筛率的影响。

The statistical analysis procedures included the frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one- way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation are adopted. Based on related literature and the results of this study, the researcher tried to make some suggestions helpful continuation vocational high school students to learning and for the follow-up research.

本研究采用问卷调查法，针对公私立三年级学生进行问卷调查研究，共回收787份有效问卷，有效问卷百分比为84.9%，资料分析方法采用次数分配、百分比、平均数、标准差、t考验、单因子变异数分析、皮尔逊积差相关及多元回归分析，并参酌文献及研究结论，提出分析主要结论如下

In order to overcome the technological difficulties encountered in the course of insulation fault diagnosis on the base of dissolved gases analysis, several kinds of mathematic models and actualized methods are brought forward to improve the reliability and veracity of fault diagnosis of transformers. The research works are shown mainly as followings:1 A modified fuzzy multi-criteria method is brought forward for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer. Furthermore, a new method for insulation fault diagnosis is proposed on the base of fuzzy multi-criteria together with rule reasoning. With fuzzy diagnosis in the method, fault reasons are filtrated and then the reasons in low probability are prohibited, Moreover, the left reasons are testified by using rule reasoning and then final concludes are drawn in much less misjudge probability and better results.2 On the base of geometry characteristics of C- partition to sample set of DGA data of transformer, a method is put forward to compute effective radius of neighbor field of a sample, number of clusters and values of initial centers. Moreover, the fuzzy C- means cluster model with adaptive weight is brought forward in the first time and then the fault classifier is designed for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer.3 According to the weakness of the degree of gray of gray incidence, a new formula to compute DGI is put forward and then incidence order criterion is ascertained. Moreover, a new DGI model for fault diagnosis is proposed according to the further analysis to relationship between fault reason and content of oil dissolved gases of transformer.

为解决在应用油中溶解气体分析方法（Dissolved Gases Analysis，简称DGA）诊断变压器内部绝缘故障时所遇到的主要技术难题，论文提出了用于提高变压器故障诊断准确性和可靠性的数学模型及实现方法，主要研究工作如下：1）提出了一种改进的变压器绝缘故障诊断模糊综合评判方法；进一步提出了将模糊综合诊断与规则推理相结合进行绝缘故障诊断的方法，该方法采用模糊推理对故障原因进行"过滤"，滤掉可能性极小的原因，然后进一步利用规则推理验证剩下的可能原因，得出最终结论，大大减少了误判比率，获得了较好的效果。2）根据以变压器DGA数据为特征量的样本空间的c-划分几何特性出发，提出了一种求取样本有效邻域半径和聚类数及聚类中心初值的方法，在此基础上，首次提出了一种自适应加权的变压器绝缘故障诊断的模糊c-均值聚类模型，并设计出故障分类器。3）针对常用灰色关联度的不足，提出了一新的灰色关联度计算公式及确定关联序的准则；并在此基础上，通过深入分析变压器发生绝缘故障时的原因与油中溶解特征气体含量的关系，建立了一种新的故障诊断灰色关联模型；通过实例分析证明，该方法能有效地诊断出变压器绝缘故障及故障部位，大大提高了诊断的准确性。

From the starting value selection method in the Fuzzy ISODATA algorithm, used the method of maximal matrix element to ascertain the number of classification, the theoretical analysis of repeated test, and finally, the improved fuzzy ISODATA algorithm is obtained. The algorithm reduced sensitivity to the starting value. The algorithm can highly effective clustering analyze and obtains a stable result, so it presents an efficient way of improving the contribution value of custom service.

研究中先对模糊ISODATA聚类演算法中，初始划分矩阵和分类数的确定，并使用最大矩阵元素法，求得最佳化演算法中其他参数值，最后在CRM系统实际验证和分析中，采用本研究改良之模糊ISODATA聚类演算法，对汽车销售公司实施客户模组分类，经实验证明所得到的聚类结果，可有效解决一般聚类方法受限於参数设定敏感度的困扰，并使聚类精确度提高，有效排除杂讯敏感的影响，使聚类效果大幅提升，可帮助行销人员做出预测，制订出针对客户差异化的行销策略，提高客户服务的贡献价值。

The diagnosis of ITP is made clinically by exclusion of other causes of thrombocytopenia, the absence of splenomegaly, and the finding of normal or increased megakaryopoiesis on bone marrow examination. The nonimmune thrombocytopenia is caused by some nonimmune factors, such as acute leukemia, hypersplenism and post-chemotherapic bone marrow suppression.

特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊断仍只是一种排除性的临床诊断，其国内诊断标准为多次化验检查血小板计数减少，脾脏不增大或仅轻度增大，骨髓检查巨核细胞数增多或正常，有成熟障碍，并且具备以下五点中的任何一点：泼尼松治疗有效，切脾治疗有效，血小板相关抗体增多，血小板相关补体增多，血小板寿命测定缩短，同时应排除继发性血小板减少症。

With the limitation of the line detection based on traditional Hough transform that the information of the length and the end points of the line is unavailable, a new algorithm which makes use of the accessional strategy based on precognition information is put forward to meet the demand for more information of the line, simulation results show this method is effective. Finally, the whole process of airport target recognition is presented and the result images are also given.

使用分形方法提取目标的特征，在知识指导下，提出了一种基于目标特征模型的降维的形态学分形维数计算方法，对传统分形方法进行了改进，从理论上推证了算法的合理性，并对算法进行了仿真分析；针对传统Hough变换无法获得线段端点和长度信息的局限性，提出了一种基于目标特征先验知识的Hough变换融合策略，通过引入目标先验知识，可以有效地获得直线信息；对信息多而复杂的机场目标采用基于知识的目标识别方法，使用置信度模摘要型实现不确定推理，对目标进行识别判断，将知识贯穿于整个识别过程中，对目标进行了有效地识别。

The sample consisted of 1,100 teachers from senior high schools in Taiwan. Within the 950 feedback data, the percentage of valid data was 83%. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson' product- moment correlation and stepwise regression analysis.

研究对象为台湾地区的公私立高级中等学校，共抽取1100位高级中等学校教师为研究样本；回收问卷为950份，有效问卷比例为83%；将有效问卷以描述性统计、t考验、单因子变异数分析及Pearson积差相关及多元逐步回归分析等统计方式加以分析并进行讨论。

Based on the analysis to the particularity of the cruise missile attacking, a complete recognition method based on the knowledge is developed. A new fractal-based infrared image feature extraction method is presented and the detailed theoretic analysis and implement procedure of this algorithm is submitted and tested in some experiments. With the limitation of the line detection based on traditional Hough transform that the information of the length and the end points of the line is unavailable, a new algorithm which makes use of the accessional strategy based on precognition information is put forward to meet the demand for more information of the line, simulation results show this method is effective. Finally, the whole process of airport target recognition is presented and the result images are also given.

使用分形方法提取目标的特征，在知识指导下，提出了一种基于目标特征模型的降维的形态学分形维数计算方法，对传统分形方法进行了改进，从理论上推证了算法的合理性，并对算法进行了仿真分析；针对传统Hough变换无法获得线段端点和长度信息的局限性，提出了一种基于目标特征先验知识的Hough变换融合策略，通过引入目标先验知识，可以有效地获得直线信息；对信息多而复杂的机场目标采用基于知识的目标识别方法，使用置信度模型实现不确定推理，对目标进行识别判断，将知识贯穿于整个识别过程中，对目标进行了有效地识别。

Good thermal stability and self-extinguishing behavior was observed with the cured polybenzoxazine resins. Second, furan-containing benzoxazine monomers, P-FBz, BPA-FBz, and 4FP-FBz were prepared using furfurylamine as a raw material. Formation of furfurylamine Mannich bridge networks in the polymerizations of P-FBz and BPA-FBz increased the cross-linking densities and thermal stability of the resulting polybenzoxazines. P-FBz and BPA-FBz- based polymers also exhibited high glass transition temperatures above 300℃, high char yields, and low flammability with a limited oxygen index value of 31. The dielectric (Dk3.21–3.39) and mechanical properties (high storage modulus of 3.0–3.9 GPa and low coefficient of thermal expansion of 37.7– 45.4 ppm) of the P-FBz and BPA-FBz-based polymers were superior or comparable to other polybenzoxazines. 4FP-FBz used for polybenzo- xazine modification by means of formation of benzoxazine hybridation with P-FBz.

第二部份以2-呋喃甲胺为起始物，制备了P-FBz、4FP-FBz与BPA-FBz 三个含呋喃官能基之氧代氮代苯并环己烷的单体；BPA-FBz与P-FBz於开环聚合中形成之Mannich bridge网状结构有效地提升聚氧代氮代苯并环己烷聚合物之交联密度与热安定性；Poly与Poly具有大於300℃之玻璃转移温度、高的焦炭生成率与具有31之极限氧指数(Limited oxygen index， LOI)的难燃性特质，Poly与Poly之介电常数(Dk=3.21~3.39)与机械性质[3.0~3.9 GPa的储存模数与37.7~45.4ppm之低热膨胀系数( Low coefficient of thermal expansion， Low CTE)]均较其他聚氧代氮代苯并环己烷为优；4FP-FBz具有低之介电常数(Dk=2.7)，以其作为降低介电常数之反应型改质剂，与P-FBz混成，证实可有效地降低Poly的介电常数。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。