有效数

This paper first elaborated the principle of SINS, some interrelated information,and the affect of renewed arithmetic to the system"s precision. Then, we studied thequaternion in traditional renewed attitude arithmetic. The quaternion is simple, andwhen run it into computer, it"s time saving. So, this arithmetic is often adopted byengineering. However, the quaternion brought unexchangeable error inevitably. Whenthe carrying body moves in highly dynamic situation, the error would become larger.So we should take effective measure to get over it.

本文首先论述了捷联式惯性导航系统的工作原理及相关知识，捷联惯导系统姿态更新算法对系统精度的影响；其次研究了传统的姿态更新算法中四元数法，该算法简单，计算量小，因而在工程中经常被采用，但是在四元数法中不可避免的引入了不可交换性误差，特别是在载体处于高动态环境时，这种误差就会很大，必须采取有效措施加以克服。

After the tested N gas components are led into the spectrograph via sampling probe and pipeline, the spectrograph obtains the transmittivity data in the scanned wave number or wavelength range and transmits the data to the computer, the computer extracts the effective characteristic quantities as the input to the parallel supporting vector machine algorithm module, and the supporting vector machine outputs the multiple component gas concentration values.

被测的N个多组分气体经气体采样探头与连接管路导入光谱仪，由光谱仪获得扫描波数或波长范围内各波数或波长对应的透射率关系给出光谱数据经数据传输线进入计算机。进入计算机内的光谱数据由软件的数据预处理模块提取有效的特征量，作为支持向量机并行算法模块的输入，支持向量机并行算法模块的输出为N个多组分气体浓度。

Cone and seed development was observed from 1993 to 1998 in wind-pollinated Keteleeria davidlana Beissner var. formosana Hayata trees grown at Taipei Botanical Garden. Seed efficiencies per cone (percent filled seed per cone divided by seed potential) were persistently less than 1% during the investigation period.

从1993年至1998年间观察生长在台北植物园的台湾油杉天然受粉毬果与种子的发育，结果发现有效种子率（每毬果内饱满种子数占潜力种子数的百分率），每年均不到l%。

Result The results revealed that different concentration of C6-HSL could obviously inhibit the growth rate of root and the number of roots, but have no effects on plant height, number of nodes and leaf size. The POD and SOD activities and the concentration of H2O2 showed a significantly increased when the potato implants were pretreated with C6-HSL, however, no effect of C6-HSL pretreatment on PAL and PPO activities were found. The ability of resistance aginst Erwinia carotovora subp. carotovora was signifinantly improved after treated by C6-HSL. Incidence was obviously lower than the control group.

结果］不同浓度的C6-HSL能明显抑制马铃薯的出根率和生根数，而对株高、茎节数及叶片大小没有影响；植物标志性防御酶类中POD和SOD的活性以及H2O2的产生量经C6-HSL诱导后显著提高，而PAL和PPO的活性则没有明显变化；抗病试验中，经C6-HSL诱导的马铃薯植株能有效抑制胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌的侵染，发病率明显低于对照组。

Under the guidance of DPRIF integrating strategy, we set up an integreted SOFM-SVM model. Then we analyzed and optimized the model from the aspects of operating mechanism, data interface and function expandedness. The PCA method was introduced to reduce dimensionality and extract features, then to strengthen the clustering explanation; defined a CMI index, to ascertain the most effective or the best clustering number; A new Anti-NO algorithm was proposed to recognize and to filter the suspecious data in the sample; The medium result of SVM model was used to extract the borderline datas between two classified groups. This research compensated for the achievements of data recognition including pattern data, noises data and borderline data.

在DPRIF整合策略指导下构建了一个整合的SOFM-SVM模型，对该模型从运作机制、数据接口、功能扩展几个方面进行分析和改进：引入PCA方法进行数据降维和特征提取，用以加强聚类解释；结合统计聚类中的聚类误差概念定义一个聚类数有效性指标，利用SOFM算法中间结果进行指标求解，以筛选出有效或最佳聚类数；提出一种新的噪声识别算法用于对样本中的异常数据进行甄别和过滤；利用SVM模型的中间结果提取分类边界数据；进一步充实了包括模式类、噪声集和边界在内的模式识别成果。

According to the year with the best large-seed production, the reasons for empty seeds could be estimated as follows: Seed potential per cone calculated as 2 times the number of fertile ovuliferous scales was about 206 seeds. Percentages of seed losses resulting from pre-and post-pollination ovule abortion, prezygotic factors, embryo degeneration, and efficient seed were 33%, 27%, 39%, and%, respectively.

依据大粒种子产率最高的1年来估测空粒种子产生的因素，可以推估如下：依据每个可孕性鳞片所含2粒种子的鳞片数，潜力种子数约有206粒，再依此值算出受粉前后胚珠败育率、受精前败育率、胚败育率、及有效种子率分别为33%、27%、39%及%。

The range of CV was from 3.42% to 35.01% for 15 characters, 6 characters, yield per plant, panicals per plant, spikeletes per panical, filled grains per panical, panical neck length and spikeletes density, had higher value than other traits.

性状的变异系数范围为3.42%~35.01%，单株产量、单株有效穗、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、穗颈长短、着粒密度等6个性状居前列。

Principal component analysis showed the first five PCs explained 70.4% variation in total germplasms, and seven traits, spikeletes per panical, filled grains per panical, spikeletes density, panicals per plant, plant height, 1000-grains weight and yield per plant, were important traits in explaining variation of these germplasm because of theirs high vector loadings.

主成分分析显示，PC1-PC5能够解释总体70.4%的变异，而每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度、单株有效穗、株高、千粒重、单株产量等7个性状因具有高的特征向量值，为分析太湖流域糯稻地方品种资源的重要性状。

For the sake of developing an effective, safe and no pollution disinfectant to reduce or eliminate food-borne pathogens on shell eggs, the bactericidal activity of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW, pH 6.0-7.5) generated by electrolysis of diluted hydrochloric acid in a non-membrane electrolytic cell for inactivation of Salmonella pullorum, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and artificial inoculated shell eggs initial logarithm of population of two pathogens on the eggs were approximately 6.19-6.26 log10 (cfu/g and 6.12-6.19 log10 respectively was evaluated.

为寻求一种高效、安全、无污染的禽蛋清洗消毒剂，采用无隔膜电解装置电解稀盐酸溶液制备中性电解水（pH值6.0～7.5）考查不同有效氯浓度、处理时间和温度条件下中性电解水对鸡蛋人工接种鸡白痢沙门氏菌（Salmonella pullorum，鸡蛋表面的初始菌落数对数为6.19～6.26 log10）和大肠杆菌O157：H7（鸡蛋表面的初始菌落数对数为6.12～6.19 log10）的杀灭效果。

The relations of the content of nutriment and soluble carbohydrate in the rice culm before harvest of the main crop to yield and ratooning ability were studied as well.

头季稻和再生稻的产量构成因子中每穗总粒数之间、结实率之间、千粒重之间正相关达显著水平，而有效穗数之间正相关不显著。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。