有效性

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

However, in the learning process, there are many factors affecting the effectiveness of learner's learning.

然而，在学习过程中，有许多因素影响着学习者的学习有效性。

In fact, from the aspect of the affectivity, the most important point of the right in legal practice is that it exists in our language that we use day by day.

实际上，从思想的有效性上来看，法律生活当中的权利问题最重要之处在于它是我们日复一日所能体验着的语言当中的存在。

This model had been applied successfully in the new GIS platform——MapGIS 7.0, and the result also illustrates its feasibility and affectivity.

该模型已在基于工作流的MapGIS搭建平台中得到了应用，应用的结果说明了其可行性和有效性。

The result shows that the algorithm not only has characteristics of high affectivity and small computing work, but also has great anti-disturbance at the same time.

实际应用结果证实了拼幅算法的有效性。

The simulation is conducted for each control strategy in different wind situations. The results show the reliability and affectivity of the proposed control strategy.

针对每一种控制算法分别采用阶跃风速和紊流风速信号进行了仿真，仿真结果验证了控制算法的可靠性和有效性。

At last, the embedded web server is applied in the B/S remote temperature monitor. The experimental result of the monitor by simulating operation shows that this system has a good affectivity and practical value. This paper ha s a helpful attempt to the application of Ethernet embedded Web technology in monitor fields.

最后将设计的嵌入式Web服务器应用于B/S模式的远程温度监控系统中，实验室模拟运行结果验证了这种方法的有效性和实用性，为嵌入式以太网Web技术在监控领域中的应用作出了有益的探索和尝试。

Concede is to admit something, such as the validity of an argument, often against one's will

concede 指确认论点的有效性等事，通常是指违背某人意愿的

There is a good agrement between the simulation results and measurement results.

计算结果与实测结果进行比较，结果基本一致，验证了本文计算的可行性和有效性。5。

ADVOCACY INITIATIVES: Short term research and advocacy project was taken on 'Post Disaster Aid Effectiveness and Its Ground Reality' to establish appropriate strategies and approaches the disaster recovery and rehabilitation efforts.

倡导行动：开展针对"灾后援助的有效性和实际情况"这个主题进行了短期的研究和倡导项目，以开发关于灾后回复和重建的适当战略和模式

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。