有效函数

Chapter four uses Autoregressive Distributed Lagapproach to examine the extent to which changes in exchange rates result in changes in CPI , which is the proxy of Chinese domestic inflation. It also analyzes the impact of food price on exchange rate pass-through effect. Then, chapter four uses Vector Autoregression model to examine the short term and dynamic effect of exchange rate pass-through. The above empirical results reveal that the exchange rate pass-through effect to domestic prices is incomplete and time-lagged.

然后，本文运用自回归分布滞后模型研究人民币汇率变动对以消费者价格指数衡量的国内通货膨胀的传递效应，并结合中国实际考察了食品价格冲击对汇率传递效应的影响；本文通过将名义有效汇率和价格等宏观经济因素纳入同一个VAR系统中，利用脉冲响应函数与方差分解技术来考察名义有效汇率变动冲击对国内价格水平的短期动态影响。

Effective partition function is expressed as a polynomial of the effective fugacity z.

有效配分函数写成有效逸度z的多项式。

The result shows that the relationship between stress and strain can be described by Hardin model.

试验结果表明：该尾矿砂的动应力应变关系可用Hardin等效黏弹性模型描述，模型中的起始动剪切模量和最大动剪应力皆随固结应力比和有效固结围压的增大而增大，这两个参数与有效固结轴压成幂函数关系，且其受固结应力的影响较小。

We establish a Lagrange multiplier theorem for strict efficiency in convex settings and express strict points as saddle points of an appropriate Lagrangian function.

讨论凸多目标最优化问题的严有效解，建立了拉格朗日乘子定理，并把严有效解表示为一个适当的拉格朗日函数的鞍

The precision of integration can be evidently improved by using smooth function transition, adaptive step size change method, implicit integration and predictor corrector method. Increasing the order of the LMM may not improve the precision in this case.

采用光滑函数过渡、自适应变步长技术及隐式和预测校正等方法，可以有效地提高数值计算精度，而提高方法的阶次不能有效提高精度。

Without utility function, group preference relation on alternative set was constructed in this paper by means of efficient numbers of alternatives, which are described by Pareto efficient solutions of a group of multiobjective decision making problems respectively considered by decision makers.

本文撇开效用函数的介入，直接依据由各多目标决策问题的Pareto有效解表示的供选方案的有效数，引进了决策群体在供选方案集上的偏爱关系。

The dissertation includes the work as follows: Firstly, we present a random graph model with spatial reuse for a dense MANET which using directional antennas. The analytic formula of several important performance parameters for the MANET are obtained under the DSR routing protocol, such as the average flooding distance, the probability generating function of the flooding distance, the probability of a flooding route to be symmetrically valid, the average time to find a symmetrically valid route and the cost to successfully route a data packet to its destination. We compare the two models with spatial reuse and without spatial reuse by evaluating these parameters. It is shown that the spatial reuse model is much more effcctive in terms of the performance of the dense network with directional antenna, because the bigger is the degree of spatial reuse, the smaller is the average flooding distance.

在定向天线技术的支持下，建立了移动自组网络空间可重用的贝努利随机图模型，获得了DSR路由协议下平均泛洪距离的解析公式和泛洪距离的概率母函数：给出了有效对称路由概率、发现有效路由平均时间、成功路由代价等关键性能参数的解析分析；在网络性能参数定量分析的基础上，对空间可重用和无重用的网络进行了比较分析，结果显示空间重用度增大，则平均泛洪距离、路由发现时延、网络代价减少。

Finally, with Tobin's "Separation Theorem", we introduce the transaction cost into the efficient frontier and t he effective efficient frontier is obtained. And a quadratic utility function is applied to demonstrate that maintaining a suitable level of transaction cost in the current Chinese stock market is important to the equilibrium of the Chinese stock market and the risk control of the individual asset.

本文的第四部分，引用托宾的"分离定理"，通过加入交易成本，区分了名义有效边界和实际有效边界，指出了交易成本调整对我国股票市场均衡影响的作用机制，并引入了效用函数，实证研究了交易成本适度对我国股票市场均衡和个人资产风险水平控制的重要意义。

Starting from the spectral representation of quasi-particles, when Debye screening mass and finite width of the particle are taken as parameters into the spectral functions, we will get effective propagators of quarks and gluons, and then establish the effective perturbation theory which reflects directly collective effects in QGP, and analyse some thermodynamics problems about soft partons in QGP.

接着，从准粒子的谱表示出发，自洽地将Debye屏蔽质量和粒子的有限宽度作为参量纳入QGP中玻色型和费米型准粒子的谱函数，得到夸克胶子等离子体中胶子和夸克的有效传播子，进而建立了直接反映QGP集体效应的有效微扰论，藉此一般性地分析了夸克胶子等离子体中软粒子的有关热力学问题。

Based on two kinds of control strategies of VSR under unbalanced grid condition,the introduction of a new VSR control strategy featuring undamped -oscillation that simplifies the controller structure and effectively improves VSR"s performance under unbalanced grid condition.· A systematic description of the state switching in trilogic PWM signal generation of three-phase CSR by using the conversion between bilogic and trilogic switching functions.· Referenced to the CSR"s trilogic PWM signal generation, an approach to achieve low-stress natural commutation of switching devices by reshuffling the vector composition sequence, resulting reduced switching loss.

在研究了两类电网不平衡时的VSR控制策略基础上，提出了一种新型的基于无阻尼振荡控制器的VSR不平衡控制策略，在简化控制结构的同时，有效地改善了电网不平衡时的VSR控制性能；·通过二、三值逻辑开关函数间的转换，系统地描述了三相CSR三值逻辑PWM信号发生中的状态切换；·结合三相CSR三值逻辑PWM信号发生规律，提出了通过调整矢量合成顺序而使功率管获得自然换相的低电压应力SVPWM控制，从而有效地降低了功率管的开关损耗。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。