有效函数

The relation to the incentive effect of incentive price controlling strategy with the area by the extending of surplus function and abscissa axis surrounding is discussed, the criteria of incentive effect are given, at the same time the definition of the incentive strategy and the judging theorem of one is mor...

讨论了激励价控策略的激励效应与以用户盈余函数的扩展函数为曲边的曲边梯形面积的关系，给出了激励价控策略对用户激励效应的性能指标，以及一个激励策略比另一个激励策略更有效的定义及其判断定理。

Part Two. The approximation theory of distributed parameter systems.

偏微分方程的特征函数理论是研究分布参数系统的一个有效方法，但分布参数系统的特征函数的求取十分困难。

The experiment results indicate that V-system is an effective tool used to reconstruct complicated geometric information with both continuous and discontinuous signals. This is the essential difference among V-system, the classical complete orthogonal system with continuous functions and Walsh and Haar system which include intense discontinuous functions.

利用三角域上V-系统进行三维复杂几何模型的重构实验，实验结果表明，V-系统对复杂的、连续间断并存的几何信息重构特别有效，这与经典的连续正交函数系及强间断的Walsh及Haar函数系有本质的不同。

In thethesis we present a method to calculate the dielectric function of therandom composite and give the expression of the effective dielectricfunction.

在本文中，我们将计算周期性结构介电函数的表达式推广到无规系统，给出了无规系统有效介电函数的级数表达式，并得到了稀浓度时的解析表达式。

The heuristic method emploies a genetic algorithm in reducing the redundant attributes of all attributes. Besides taking fitness function as its heuristic function for its selection operation, the genetic algorithm uses the attribute\'s information entropy to construct the heuristic function for its mutate operation, and in this way it markedly elevate the convergence speed of attribute reduction.

启发式方法采用遗传算法进行属性约简，除了存在于选择操作的适应度启发函数外，还在变异操作中以信息熵为基础构造了启发函数；穷举方法基于循环队列自底向上约简，通过剪枝有效地提高了属性约简集的穷举速度。

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

During the process of learning, a new kind of empirical risk function is proposed which is differentiable and can be minimized by gradient descent strategy.

对于参数的学习，提出了一种适用于分类器的可微经验风险函数，该函数能够有效地利用梯度下降法进行最小化。

The Mixed Discrete variable Complex Programming method is used to solute the mathematical model of oil pipeline.

该方法可以根据所求解问题的规模、目标函数和约束函数的形态和复杂程度，在运算过程中对所输出的信息进行人工干预或改变计算策略，把程序的机械运行和使用者的智慧融合在一起，有效灵活地解决离散变量约束非线性

In this paper, the error function is adopted to calculate the pore pressure.

针对这种情况，本文以误差函数作为基础，对孔隙水压力的计算进行了分析，发现在一定的精度范围内，采用误差函数可以有效地消除由于Gibbs现象带来的振荡。

The enhanced configuration device then reconfigures the Stratix device with this new data, and you have an updated system.The original data that was shipped with the system is still safely stored in the factory application space. So in case there was an error during the update process, perhaps during the remote transmission of the configuration file, the Stratix device can signal用信号通知 the enhanced configuration device

单个ALM的输入能够灵活地分割到两个输出功能块中，使得宽输入的功能函数能更快地运行，因为这可以在一个ALM中完成，不像传统的4输入查找表架构，实现多于4个输入的功能函数时，需要至少两个查找表，因此还需要额外的布线资源（见书P43图1.49）；而窄输入的功能函数能有效利用现有的资源，因为ALM能够灵活配置成不同的结构，来适应不同的输入数目。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。