有效函数

After ICA transform, the basis coefficients of speech signal are sparser. We choose appropriate probability density function to model the sparsity and develop two more effective shrinkage algorithms.

语音信号通过独立成分分析，增强了基系数的稀疏性，选择合适的概率密度函数描述这一特性，在此基础上提出了两种更有效的噪声压缩算法。

The simulation results show that calculated tortuosities varies with network connectivity as well as the Thiele modulus.This work also suggests that tortuosities obtained under diffusion-only conditions can only be used under the strong reaction control conditions.

模拟结果表明，计算出的曲折因子既是孔网络配位数的函数，又随Thiele模数的变化而不同，在纯扩散条件下测得的有效扩散系数只能应用于扩散影响不严重的反应扩散区域。

The simulation results show that calculated tortuosities varies with network connectivity as well as the Thiele modulus.This work also suggests that tortuosities obtained under diffusion-only conditions can only be used under the strong reaction control conditions.

模拟结果表明，计算出的曲折因子既是孔网络配位数的函数，又随Thiele模数的变化而不同，在纯扩散条件下测得的有效扩散系数只能应用於扩散影响不严重的反应扩散区域。

Simulation results indicate that this method can effectively suppress the Pseudo-Gibbs phenomena in the vicinities of the singular points of the signal due to the discontinuity of the hard threshold function. It also reserves the edge information of the signals under the condition of thorough elimination of noises.

仿真结果表明，采用基于Lipschitz指数的小波阈值去噪方法不仅有效抑制了由于硬阈值函数的不连续性而在信号奇异点附近产生的Pseudo-Gibbs现象，而且在更加彻底去噪的前提下很好地保留了信号的边缘信息。

Control algorithm as conceived by Smith with predictive functions for compensating first order delay is used to effectively overcome the large time lag and big inertia of the study object. The output of the controller is made to be attempered to the time changing property of the parameters by setting up several fixed models for the typical operating conditions and their control weightiness determined by online calculating their degree of mutual matching.

使用带有Smith预估补偿思想的一阶时滞对象预测函数控制算法，来有效克服对象的大时延、大惯性；并通过建立若干典型工况的固定模型，在线计算其模型匹配度确定控制权重，从而得到控制器的输出的方法，能适应参数的时变。

At the beginning of 1990"s, backstepping was developed by Kokotovic and his copartners, it is a kind of circulative nonlinear design method that uses systematic way to construct feedback method and simultaneous correlative control Lyapunov function and so more and more scholars pay attention to it. Because it has very good flexibility, people can use "good" nonlinear item through introducing nonlinear damping to control "bad nonlinear item. Now backstepping design method is one of the most effective methods to settle control problems in nonlinear system with uncertainty.

20世纪90年代初，出现了以Kokotovic及其合作者发展起来的backstepping设计方法，它是一种运用系统化的方式同时构造反馈控制律和相关联的控制李雅普诺夫函数的循环非线性设计方法，近年来引来了越来越多的学者的高度重视，它具有很好的设计柔韧性，设计者可利用&好的&非线性项，通过增加非线性阻尼来控制&坏的&非线性项，是目前解决不确定非线性系统控制问题的最有效途径之一。

The excess nitrogen atoms in WNx films desorbs at temperatures below 766 ?aC. The excess nitrogen in WNx films can cause the effective work function lowering. Weak Fermi-level pinning effect is observed on HfO2 film. In this case, WNx/HfO2 gate stack can be applied to p-type fully-depletion SOI devices but WNx is not suitable to be meal gate of bulk p-type MOSFTEs.

氮化钨中过多的氮元素在温度低於766 oC便会析出，且过多的氮会导致氮化钨有效功函数下降，在氧化铪上会有轻微的费米栓效应，这种情形下，氮化钨可应用於p-型全空乏绝缘层上矽金氧半场效电晶体元件，但不适合当块材 p-型金氧半场效电晶体闸极。

By employing normal probability plot,R/S analysisand autocorrelation function analysis,we find,with the high frequency data,the return of domestic financial market described by Shanghai index andShenzhen composite index presents the stylized facts,such as fat-tailed distribution,clustering and dependence,which infer that our market can not be regarded as efficientmarket.

利用正态概率作图、R/S分析和自相关函数分析等方法，我们发现在高频数据下（时间长度为15分钟），以上证指数和深成指数为代表的我国金融市场呈现出收益率的&肥尾&、&集聚&和相关性等格式化特征，这说明我国金融市场不能被看成是有效市场。

Fourthly, the concentration processes for liquid membrane separation are studied. The feed tank levels are difficult to be tracked efficiently in the random-rinsing and continuous-discharging nanofiltration process.The tracking control of feed tank levels is improved by the selective control and the transparent predictive functional control.

针对液体膜分离浓缩过程采用纳滤随机清洗连续排料操作方式时原料罐液位的不能有效跟踪控制问题，提出了原料罐液位的选择性控制及以预测函数控制PFC为监督层、常规PID为控制层的透明控制结构，实现了以常规PID为基础控制、PFC为设定值给定的原料罐液位的跟踪控制。

First of all two-dimensional bar code of the positioning and segmentation algorithm using Hough Transform and Sobel edge detection of the bar code images collected from the original image to effectively separate and then analyzes the barcode image through the optical system of the noise model, put forward a Calculation of point spread function of standard deviation of the algorithm uses Flourier transform adaptively select the threshold to remove noise caused by invalid border, bar code and thus be the basic module.

首先探讨了二维条码的定位与分割算法，利用Hough变换与Sobel边缘检测把条码图像从原始采集的图像中有效地分割出来然后分析了条码图像经过光学系统的噪声模型，提出了一种计算点扩展函数标准方差的算法采用Flourier变换自适应地选取阈值去除噪声导致的无效边界，从而得到条码的基本模块。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。