有效函数

An efficient solution method for structural optimization is proposed by coordinated use of mathematical transformation, two-level approximation concepts and dual theory.

利用包络函数、二级近似概念和对偶理论，提出了一种结构优化的有效解法。

Penalty function is a common and an effective way of solving a mathematical programming.

罚函数方法是数学规划中一种常见且有效的求解方法。

Therefore, the subroutine package with Matlab language is an effective tool for calculation of Mathieu functions with negative parameters in practical application.

所编制的Matlab程序包为实际工程应用中计算Mathieu函数类提供了有效的计算工具。

To extract the parameters in partial coefficients matrix of potential efficiently in silicon substrate integrated circuits, an approximated closed-form three-dimensional multilayered Green's function is derived with a modified complex fitting the exponential function method in spectral domain.

为了有效地提取硅衬底集成电路中导体单元之间的电位系数矩阵，在谱域中采用了改进的复数拟合指数函数方法，导出了三维有耗多层介质中的近似闭式格林函数。

In this paper, the theory, algorithm, and experiment of automatic object detection and tracking are studied in depth. It is firstly pointed out that the essential of Mean Shift method is a special Newton-Gaussian method. A new method named Fast Mean Shift is established to stretch the conservative step of Mean Shift method. The convergence and validity of this new method are proved in theory. And it is also proved that the convergence speed of Fast Mean Shift is faster than that of Mean Shift. The contrast experiments of searching the maximum possibility density of random of data sets in plane and 3D space are done. The results show that this new method can reduce the iterations greatly. A new object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift is built to improve the object tracking performance, which is shown in the face tracking experiment with the tennis sequence provided by the Ohio State University, and the car tracking experiment with the car sequence provided by Kalsruhe University. The face trcking experiment with highly noised images show that the object tracking method based on Fast Mean Shift has strong anti-jamming ability. A new fast color object detection technology based on characteristic color is established, which use characteristic color distribution to compute the characteristic color vector of any area in an image quickly. With the high performance search method, the fast object detection is achieved. At last, using object tracker based on Fast Mean Shift and color object detector based on characteristic color with the Kalman filter, PID controller, searial communication and other technologies, automatic object detection and tracking system with control system is built. The availability and anti-jamming ability of this system are verified by some object detection and tracking tests in different scenes.

本文对目标自动识别与跟踪进行了理论、计算、试验三方面的深入研究，主要包括：首次指出了目标跟踪技术中常用的均值迁移方法的本质为一种特殊的高斯-牛顿方法，改进了均值迁移方法步长取值保守的弱点，建立了快速均值迁移方法，证明了该方法的收敛性、有效性以及收敛速度优于均值迁移方法；进行了平面和3维随机分布数据集的最大概率密度搜索对比试验，试验结果表明，快速均值迁移方法大大减少了迭代次数；建立了基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法，利用俄亥俄州立大学提供的乒乓球序列图像和卡斯鲁厄大学的汽车序列图像，对人脸和汽车目标跟踪性能分别进行了对比试验，并进行了高噪声人脸图像目标跟踪试验，结果表明，基于快速均值迁移的目标跟踪方法有效提高了目标跟踪性能，具有很强的抗干扰能力；建立了一种新型彩色目标自动识别方法，采用特征色彩分布函数实现了对任意图像区域特征色彩矢量的快速计算，建立了高效的搜索方法，实现了彩色目标的快速识别；将基于快速均值迁移方法的目标跟踪方法、基于特征色彩的目标识别方法与卡尔曼滤波、PID控制、串行通讯等技术结合，建立了带有控制系统的快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统，并在不同场景下进行了目标自动识别与跟踪试验，验证了快速目标自动识别与跟踪系统的有效性和抗干扰能力。

The influence of some rnodified genetic algorithms on searchspeed is also examined. Some genetic operations suitable to the optimization technique areobtained, therefore, a novel way of solving a class of optimizations of functions that cannot be realized using the method of steepest descent is proposed.

文中还分析了一些改进的遗传算法对于该问题搜索速度的影响，得到了适于解决此问题的合理的遗传操作，从而为有效地解决最速下降法所不能实现的某一类函数代化问题提供了一种新的途径。

Some seasonal goods have obvious sales midseason and off-season due to the consuming needs in some special periods of time.

针对季节性商品的特点，研究零售商与供应商之间多因素的制约关系以及商品的销售量与价格之间的函数关系，建立了具有淡旺季的商品定价模型，并设计了优化求解的遗传算法，仿真实例表明了结论的可行和有效。

Then a filled function method for the integer programming problem is proposed,which tries to find a better discrete local minimal solution of the problem by minimizing a filled function.

该方法通过寻找填充函数的离散局部极小解以期找到整数规划问题的比当前离散局部极小解好的解。该文的算法是直接法，数值试验表明算法是有效的。

To get the uniformly valid representation of vibration mode, Ruo-jing Zhang published three generalized related functions.

为了得到振动模态的全域一致有效表达式，张若京给出了三类广义相关函数。

It describes the heteroskedasticity character of interest rate by projecting the sample data onto the EGARCH (1, 1) auxiliary model, makes making the covariance matrix as moment conditions and uses EMM to estimate the parameters. EMM avoids the disadvantage of infeasible or computationally intensive of maximum likelihood functions.

通过将观测数据映射成EGARCH(1， 1)辅助模型描述利率行为的异方差特征，以协方差矩阵为矩条件，用有效矩估计方法得出模型参数，避免了最大似然估计法似然函数不可知或难以求积分的缺陷。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了