有故障

So there need not only no failure but working in a stably good condition in the ignition system, the using condition and adjust of the use factors are the most important thing for the system performance. The paper analyses the characteristics of electronic ignition system, points out that determinant use factors are mainly the voltage of battery, the occupy-emptiness rate of the ignition signal, the clearance of spark plug, the resistance of high-voltage part, and the cam angle of spark advance.

本论文重点分析了电子点火系统故障特征，论证了决定电子点火系统性能的使用因素主要有电瓶电压、点火信号发生器发出电压信号的占空比、火花塞间隙、高压阻抗、点火提前角，这些因素在点火系使用过程中故障率占点火故障比例最大，故障出现的频率最高，而且有时常因维修调整不当导致点火系统性能变差。

Usually, distribution networks operate in arborescence mode, so in the simulation of fault analysis the impact of faulty switch element on system reliability is apportioned to failure consequences of adjacent sections that connect to switch, and then an equivalent analytical model considering switch fault is proposed. Thus, not having to conduct the reliability analysis of switch element singly, the impact of switch element fault on system reliability can be calculated. Applying the proposed algorithm in RBTS-BDS6 system, RBTS-BUS4 system and actual medium-voltage distribution network to conduct reliability assessment, the results show that the proposed algorithm is superior in speed and possesses efficiency and engineering practicality.

配电网常具有树状运行特点，在故障解析模拟时，将开关元件故障对系统可靠性的影响分摊到连接开关的相邻分块的故障后果中，进而提出计及开关故障的可靠性等值解析模型，不需单独进行开关元件故障的可靠性分析即可计算其对系统可靠性的影响，应用该算法对RBTS-BUS6和RBTS-BUS4系统及实际中压配电网进行了可靠性评估，结果表明该算法有较明显的速度优势，具有高效性和工程实用性。

The fault diagnosis expert system using the artificial intelligence technology is the progressing tiend of equipment fault diagnosis, however, as typography being so complex, there are still many uncertain and incomprehensive factors that hide the establishing of expert system. So far, there is still no report of Printing Machine Fault Diagnosis Expert System.

利用人工智能技术的故障诊断专家系统是设备故障诊断的发展方向，但由于印刷工艺的复杂性，有许多不精确、不完全了解的因素致使专家系统的建立有较大困难，至今尚未见到印刷机故障诊断专家系统(Printing machine Fault Diagnosis Expert System，PMFDES)的问世。

A fault diagnosis based on wavelet and PNN was introduced, which firstly uses Mexican Hat wavelet to transform diagnosis signal and extract energy normalized vector, then uses PNN to output fault as a classifier.

针对煤矿主通风机故障与征兆对应关系复杂的特点，以及利用传统BP网络进行故障诊断存在训练速度慢、易陷入局部极小的缺点，提出基于小波和概率神经网络的故障诊断方法：先利用时频两域有紧支撑能力的MexicanHat小波变换故障信号并提取能量归一化故障特征向量；然后将概率神经网络作为诊断决策分类器，输出故障模式。

In this paper we begin with the electrical principle of the oxygen sensor, analyze the motive detecting method of the oxygen sensor in the LS400 car with the two-dimensional coordinator and explain the way to recognize the fault codes with oscillogram, finally illuminate the meaning of the different fault codes.

在修理发动机电控系统故障时，最想看到的就是发动机故障指示灯有规律地闪烁但有些故障需要在一定条件下，采用一定的方法才能检测到其故障代码，氧传感器的故障代码就属于这种代码通过对氧传感器的电路原理的分析，利用二维坐标图形论述了凌志LS400型轿车氧传感器的动态检测方法，并用波形图说明了该种车型的故障码识别方法，最后指出了不同故障码的意义。

Based on the analysis on the relationship of the positive and the negative sequence impedance, also the positive and negative fault component current under simple and duplicate fault conditions, a cross-country fault identifier is proposed in this paper.

同杆并架输电线路故障的主要特点是有跨线故障，而当系统发生跨线故障时如果没有正确识别出来，那么保护就很有可能无选择性同时切除两条线路，从而对系统的安全稳定运行造成恶劣影响。

In accordance with the technological difficulties encountered in the process of insulation supervision based on the Dissolved Gases Analysis,several kinds of model and method are presented to improve the reliability and precision of fault diagnosis of the power transformer. Main research content includes:By deeply studying the common transformer faults diagnosing methods,such as three-ratio methods and improved electrical committee agreements,several shortcomings such as uncertainness judgment when the fault reasons,phenomenon and principles come out together while can not consistent to each other etc. For this reason,the old methods can not fully meet the need to engineering practical application.Considering fuzzy relationship matrix can fully represents the causality between fault symptoms and fault types,when diagnosing complex equipments with multiple symptoms and fault causes such as power transformer,a synthetic fuzzy diagnosing model is firstly proposed to diagnose transformers insulation faults based on DGA in this paper. Meanwhile,by further study the character of fuzzy factors,aimed at correcting the defects in classifying fuzzy sets of common fuzzy judgment,a method are put forward by unifying fuzzy synthetic diagnosis and fuzzy principle reasoning.

本文针对应用油中溶解气体分析方法进行变压器绝缘监督时所遇到的主要技术难点，提出了提高变压器故障诊断的准确性、可靠性的几种模诊断方法，主要研究内容有：通过对判断变压器故障常用的三比值法和改良电协研法的深入分析，其诊断准确率较高，但对故障原因、故障现象和故障机理间同时存在不确定性和模糊性的变压器等电气设备的故障诊断，难于满足工程应用的需要；在处理变压器等结构复杂设备的多症状、多原因故障诊断时，模糊关系矩阵可以全面反映这种症状与故障类型间的因果关系，进而提出了变压器故障诊断的模糊综合诊断模型；同时作者还深入分析了模糊算子的特性；针对常用的模糊评判结果的模糊集的集化方法的不足性，提出了将模糊综合诊断与模糊规则推理结合起来进行故障诊断的方法，能达到较好的效果。

The Hilbert amplitude envelope of the stator current includes the low frequency of fault characteristic, thus it can reduce the signal length by resample the Hilbert amplitude envelope of the stator current by downsampling, which can avoid spectrum aliasing. Then it can reduce the computation time of the MUSIC Method for the spectrum analysis to the resampled signals for the given bandwidth. Meanwhile combining continuous subdivision Fourier transform and rotor slot harmonics based slip estimation it can in advance estimate the concrete values of the fault characteristic frequency, and then inquiry purposely the fault feature component information in the stator current spectrum in order to accomplish the broken rotor bar fault with high sensitivity and h reliability, which eliminates adverse effect of issuable false peaks to the fault detection and formed a novel scheme to detect broken rotor bar fault.

定子电流Hilbert幅值包络信号包含了低频的故障特征频率调制信号，故通过对定子电流Hilbert幅值包络信号进行降采样率重采样、减少分析信号长度，可避免低频段频谱混叠，再对减少的重采样数据进行具有超分辨率的MUSIC低频段估计，可大大降低MUSIC算法频谱估计时间；运用连续细化傅里叶变换和转子齿槽谐波转差率估计技术，可预知故障特征频率精确值，从而可有目的地查询故障分量，消除MUSIC虚假波峰对故障检测混淆的影响，大大提高了故障检测的灵敏度和可靠性，以此形成异步电动机转子断条故障检测新方法。

Main research content includes:1 The relationship between common faults and the dissolved gases in the transformer oil are analyzed. Been exposed to the effects of heat and electricity, the oil and the organic insulation material of the oil-filled transformer which is running will be aged and decomposed gradually, several kinds of gases will be produced, moreover the components and contents of dissolved gases are tied up to the type and degree of the fault.

主要研究内容有：①电力变压器运行中常见故障与油中气体关系研究，对于运行中的充油变压器：在热和电的作用下，变压器油和有机绝缘材料将逐渐老化和分解，产生多种特征气体，而特征气体的组分含量与故障类型及故障严重程度有非常密切的关系，变压器油中溶解气体的成分和含量能有效体现运行变压器内部的绝缘故障情况。

Through the above, we can see that after a lot of line from the telephone switchboard link have caused problems as a phone fault, but the fault is a certain law. users can use the law to judge the fault position. This report will give us the failure to provide the necessary basis, your guide for troubleshooting or simple exclusion of your own fault.

通过上面的介绍，大家可以看出，从电话交换机出线后要经过很多环节，任中一个出现问题都要造成电话故障，但故障是有一定规律的，广大用户在使用时可根据规律判断故障部位，这样在故障报告时能给我们提供必要的依据，从而为您尽快排除故障或指导您自己排除简单故障。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。