有向曲线

1The axial evolution law on the structure and the aerodynamic characteristics of the asymmetric flows around slender bodies of revolution at incidences is summarized:whether the flow asymmetry is powerless or powerful,the flow always appears in the structure that lee-side vortices rise,and shed vortices form,and new lee-side vortices come into being alternately on opposite sides of a slender body of revolution axially from nose apex downstream to afterbody,and always induces the sectional side force of waving quasi-sinusoidally downstream axially.

1总结出细长旋成体有攻角非对称绕流流场结构和气动力特性的轴向演化规律：无论非对称性强弱，沿轴向从头部尖顶往后体，非对称绕流总是呈现为左、右两侧背涡交替从物面向上飘起、形成脱落涡、再衍生出新生背涡的流场结构，并诱导出沿轴向呈类似正弦曲线形式振荡分布的截面侧向力。

An algebraic B-spline curve fitting algorithm based on the signed distance field is proposed in this paper.

提出了一种以代数B-样条曲线为表达形式、基于有向距离场的隐式曲线重建方法。

Chapter 7 discusses a orientational classification principle of curve and surface. With this principle, we have accomplished the frame automate generation and a boolean operation between surfaces.

第七章描述了一个曲线、曲面的有向性分类原则，在ZD_ADM曲面造型系统中，运用此有向性分类原则，实现了二维轮廓线的自动生成和曲面间的布尔运算。

It gives a relationship between a surface integral over an oriented surface and a line integral along a simple closed curve .

它建立了有向曲面上的曲面积分与它的边界曲线积分的关系。

The PSE in the curve coordinate systems are solved by the numerical techniques developed efficiently in this paper. A normal transform is introduced, and there are enough much grids in the region between the critical layer and the wall, where the variation of the disturbance is the quickest. The finite-difference of governing equations with fourth-order accuracy in the normal direction is utilized in full regions including points close the wall, and is very important for accurately discreting equations.

对于曲线坐标系下的抛物化稳定性方程，文中发展了求解的高效数值方法：引进法向变换，使得在临界层与壁面之间的扰动量变化最快的区域有更多的法向网格点；导出包含边界邻域在内的完全四阶精度的法向有限差分格式，这对方程精确离散至关重要；采用全局法和局部法相结合的方法及其新的迭代公式，大大加速收敛并得到更精确的特征值。

Theorem(Stokes's Theorem) Let be a piecewise smooth oriented curve in three-space, be a piecewise smooth oriented surface with boundary curve .The surface and the curve are related by a right-hand relationship, i.e., if the fingers of the right hand are cupped in the direction of ,then the thumbpoints in the direction of orientation of .,, have continuous first partial derivatives on and ,then

定理 设为分段光滑的空间有向闭曲线，是以为边界的分片光滑的有向曲面，的正向与的侧符合右手规则(即如果右手大拇指表示曲面的方向，则弯曲四指表示曲线的方向)，函数，，在曲面上具有一阶连续偏导数，则有下述公式成立

The findings indicate that, on the whole, the pattern of load transfer curves of adfreezing stress on a steel pipe pile stem and that of resistance stress on the pile tip are parabola and straight line, respectively; Due to the rheology effect, to different extent, adfreezing stress on the pile stem and resistance stress on the pile tip vary with time and relative displacement of pile-soil, respectively, and the settlement of pile tip varies with time tempestuously within 5 hours of loading, and then approximates to stability.

结果表明：模型钢管桩桩侧冻结力荷载传递函数曲线及桩端阻力荷载传递函数曲线其线状大致分别程抛物线及直线；由于流变效应的影响，桩侧冻结应力及端阻应力随时间有不同程度的变化；桩土相对位移和桩端下沉量开始5h内随时间变化较大，但加载5h后逐渐向稳定方向发展。

In this paper, a lot of research works of algorithms of mining CAD has been done. Many important mine specialty graph operation algorithms have been put forward. The main results are as follows: polygons cut out algorithm, two close polygons mutual, merge and subtract algorithm, polygon vector fill, any vector polygons area calculating and sequence polygons or multifold which has the direction and region area calculating, curve smoothing, graph element search for any region, graph element attrib collect in any region, parallel polygon or vector intersection-point push out or pull in, ore reserves and grade calculating for any type polygon, mine spatial data searching and boundary line tracking and automatic link algorithm etc.

论文在矿山图形算法研究方面做了大量的工作，提出了许多有价值的矿山专业图形运算算法，主要算法有：多边形裁剪算法、闭多边形的加、减、并算法、多边形的矢量填充算法、任意有向多边形、有向多连域、有向多边形序列面积算法、多种曲线光滑算法、任意区域的图元搜索算法、任意区域图元属性提取算法、多边形平行外推/内缩算法、任意多边形储量品位计算、矿山空间数据搜索算法、界线的自动追踪和连接等。

With the rich sediments supplied by the Pearl River, under the paleogeography sedimentary background of Baiyun Sag continuously subsiding, with sedimentary sequences related to relative transgressive sea level change ,contrary to regressive eustasy, the Pearl River Deepwater Fan System has specific evolution characteristics, which left the sedimentary record controlled by peripherical significant geological events. The sharp change of deposition rate and lithologic geochemical characteristics about 23.8Ma sequence boundary demonstratesd that sediment source had changed, perhaps related to the uplift of Tibet plateau and spreading of the South China Sea, which led the paleoPearl River drainage to expand to western China plateau , maybe much broader than present.

珠江深水扇系统以珠江为沉积物源、以持续深沉降的白云凹陷为沉积古地理背景、以与全球海退型海平面相反的相对海侵型海平面变化的沉积层序构成了其发育演化的特殊性，并留下了控制沉积的周边重要事件的记录。23.8 Ma等界面沉积速率和岩石地球化学特征均有突变，反映出物源区的变化，可能折射出与青藏高原隆升、南海扩张有关的重要事件，使得古珠江骤然向西部高原拓展，甚至较今天的珠江流域范围还广阔；承载珠江深水扇系统的白云凹陷持续沉降形成了陆坡内盆地，导致21~10.5 Ma BP多个层序深水扇垂向叠置充填的特殊沉积建造；根据60多口井资料建立的相对海平面变化曲线，具有与全球海平面变化相一致的三级旋回和不一致的二级旋回。

5Ns. The peak position of N band emission as well as the distinct emission region slightly moves towards the open end of the cylindrical cavity, and this does not happen to O band emission. Radiation transport efficiency of 6% is obtained for the φ400×1200um cylindrical cavity heated by x-ray source with radiation temperature of 118 eV.

从时间分辨的X光强度轴向空间分布来看，在较长时间（约1～1.5ns）内，O带X光在整个观测缝对应的轴向范围之内均有较大的辐射强度，在X光强度空间分布的变化过程中，其强度峰值的空间位置基本不变；而对N带X光，则只在较短时间（约0.5ns）内，在整个观测缝对应的轴向范围之内可观测到X光辐射，但只在靠近输运源约300μm的范围内有较强发射，在柱腔末端600～700μm范围之内的辐射则很弱，N带X光辐射轴向空间分布曲线的峰值位置在朝柱腔末端的方向移动，移动量大约为130～250μm。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。