有向图

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Therapontigonus Miles could walk arm in arm with Vadeboncoeur the grenadier, Damasippus the second-hand dealer would be happy among bric-a-brac merchants, Vincennes could grasp Socrates in its fist as just as Agora could imprison Diderot, Grimod de la Reyniere discovered larded roast beef, as Curtillus invented roast hedgehog, we see the trapeze which figures in Plautus reappear under the vault of the Arc of l'Etoile, the sword-eater of Poecilus encountered by Apuleius is a sword-swallower on the PontNeuf, the nephew of Rameau and Curculio the parasite make a pair, Ergasilus could get himself presented to Cambaceres by d'Aigrefeuille; the four dandies of Rome: Alcesimarchus, Phoedromus, Diabolus, and Argyrippus, descend from Courtille in Labatut's posting-chaise; Aulus Gellius would halt no longer in front of Congrio than would Charles Nodier in front of Punchinello; Marto is not a tigress, but Pardalisca was not a dragon; Pantolabus the wag jeers in the Cafe Anglais at Nomentanus the fast liver, Hermogenus is a tenor in the Champs-Elysees, and round him, Thracius the beggar, clad like Bobeche, takes up a collection; the bore who stops you by the button of your coat in the Tuileries makes you repeat after a lapse of two thousand years Thesprion's apostrophe: Quis properantem me prehendit pallio?

米勒会挽着侍卫华德朋克尔的胳膊，达马西普会在旧货店里流连忘返，万森刺杀苏格拉底正如阿戈拉囚禁狄德罗，格利木·德·拉雷尼埃尔会做油脂牛排正如古尔第吕斯发明烤刺猬。我们见到普劳图斯著作中的高架秋千重现在明星门的气球下面，阿普列乌斯在普西勒遇见的吞剑人便是新桥上的吞刀人，拉穆的侄儿和寄生虫古尔古里翁是一对，埃尔加齐尔请爱格尔弗依把他介绍给康巴色勒斯，罗马的四个纨袴子弟阿尔色西马尔古斯、费德洛木斯、狄阿波吕斯和阿尔吉里帕乘着拉巴突的邮车从拉古尔第①出发，奥吕·热尔在孔格利奥面前没有比查理·诺缔埃在波里希内儿面前待得更长久，马尔东不是母老虎，但是巴尔达里斯卡也绝不是一条龙，滑稽人潘多拉布斯在英格兰咖啡馆里嘲弄享乐人诺曼达纽斯，埃尔摩仁是爱丽舍广场的男高音，并且在他周围有无赖特拉西乌斯扮成波白什②向人募捐，在杜伊勒里广场上掐住你的衣扣、不让你走的那个讨厌人让你在两千年以后还重复着忒斯卜利翁的那句话："在我有急事时谁突然抓住了我的衣襟？"

Right by the park sign, a sample of the unique desert plants are present:Saguaro, the giant cactusCholla, the thorny plant on the rightCreosote bush, the bush with yellow flowers. It is liternally the oldest plant in the world. The root system will survive and grow outwards once the parent plant dies and eventually it will form a big ring of creosote bush.

在公园标示右边，有画上这种特殊沙漠植物的简图， Saguaro是巨大的仙人掌； Cholla是右边多刺的植物；开黄花的Creosote 灌木，是世界上最古老的植物，一旦母株死亡，根系仍然生存且向外生长成一大环形的Creosote 灌木丛。

The records of the deceased holograms was an early set of information Mila gathered and this shows the Tao how so many creations have fallen into disanimation over time in this region of domain.

这些死去的全息图的记录，是一套 Mila 所收集到的早期信息，这向道显示了，在此造物领域中已有多少造物随时间而跌入死亡。

This level, just above the distributor and eductor in the column (Figure 1), is part of a mixing zone, and apparently shows an anomalous lower holdup profile than the 78 cm level.

图3b表示柱中部四个位置的固体流速的时间平均化轴向成分也有相同的定量结果。

The characteristics of the MHD structure observed in the soft x-ray tomography are as follows. It is constructed with m=2 mode oscillation, so that the magnetic surface is made up of two islands. The structure of the magnetic surface is relatively stable. It rotates in the direction of the electron dia-magnetic drift, and the rotation frequency is the half of the oscillation frequency of soft x-ray signals.

通过SX反演图象分析，MHD型磁面结构的特点：一是m=2模的振荡构成，因而此磁面始终有两个岛组成；二是磁面结构相当稳定，在MHD放电过程中没有明显变化；三是磁面结构整体沿电子逆磁方向极向旋转，旋转的频率是软X射线测量的信号频率的一半。

Above all, we take color part mediumly to do a specification to the graph, the small rectangle that brings facial expression is representing the communication port that can be sent and receives broadcast data package, have ' S ' the expression of the mark this port basically sends broadcast data package outwards, have ' R ' state this port receives broadcast data package only.

首先，我们对图一中的带颜色部分做一个说明，带颜色的小矩形都代表着能发送和接收广播数据包的通讯端口，有'S'标志的表示该端口主要向外发送广播数据包，有'R'表示该端口只接收广播数据包。

In 1998, a Sicilian Mafioso turned government witness had claimed that Vito Rizzuto was in charge of the Cosa Nostra in Canada was the most powerful mob boss in Canada.

1998年，一名西西里岛的黑手党成员向政府作证，声称维托-利索图是加拿大区"科萨·诺斯特拉"(美国黑手党犯罪集团的秘密代号，意为"咱们的行当")的负责人，是加拿大最有势力的黑帮老大。

Therapontigonus Miles could walk arm in arm with Vadeboncoeur the grenadier, Damasippus the second-hand dealer would be happy among bric-a-brac merchants, Vincennes could grasp Socrates in its fist as just as Agora could imprison Diderot, Grimod de la Reyniere discovered larded roast beef, as Curtillus invented roast hedgehog, we see the trapeze which figures in Plautus reappear under the vault of the Arc of l'Etoile, the sword-eater of Poecilus encountered by Apuleius is a sword-swallower on the PontNeuf, the nephew of Rameau and Curculio the parasite make a pair, Ergasilus could get himself presented to Cambaceres by d'Aigrefeuille; the four dandies of Rome: Alcesimarchus, Phoedromus, Diabolus, and Argyrippus, descend from Courtille in Labatut's posting-chaise; Aulus Gellius would halt no longer in front of Congrio than would Charles Nodier in front of Punchinello; Marto is not a tigress, but Pardalisca was not a dragon; Pantolabus the wag jeers in the Cafe Anglais at Nomentanus the fast liver, Hermogenus is a tenor in the Champs-Elysees, and round him, Thracius the beggar, clad like Bobeche, takes up a collection; the bore who stops you by the button of your coat in the Tuileries makes you repeat after a lapse of two thousand years Thesprion's apostrophe: Quis properantem me prehendit pallio?

米勒会挽着侍卫华德朋克尔的胳膊，达马西普会在旧货店里流连忘返，万森刺杀苏格拉底正如阿戈拉囚禁狄德罗，格利木·德·拉雷尼埃尔会做油脂牛排正如古尔第吕斯发明烤刺猬。我们见到普劳图斯著作中的高架秋千重现在明星门的气球下面，阿普列乌斯在普西勒遇见的吞剑人便是新桥上的吞刀人，拉穆的侄儿和寄生虫古尔古里翁是一对，埃尔加齐尔请爱格尔弗依把他介绍给康巴色勒斯，罗马的四个纨袴子弟阿尔色西马尔古斯、费德洛木斯、狄阿波吕斯和阿尔吉里帕乘着拉巴突的邮车从拉古尔第①出发，奥吕·热尔在孔格利奥面前没有比查理·诺缔埃在波里希内儿面前待得更长久，马尔东不是母老虎，但是巴尔达里斯卡也绝不是一条龙，滑稽人潘多拉布斯在英格兰咖啡馆里嘲弄享乐人诺曼达纽斯，埃尔摩仁是爱丽舍广场的男高音，并且在他周围有无赖特拉西乌斯扮成波白什②向人募捐，在杜伊勒里广场上掐住你的衣扣、不让你走的那个讨厌人让你在两千年以后还重复着忒斯卜利翁的那句话：&在我有急事时谁突然抓住了我的衣襟？&

At the designed operating frequency, the refractive index approximates zero, which makes the nondirective electromagnetic wave tend to approximate plane wave along the normal direction of the superstrate and congregate the radiation energy. The gain patterns of the rectangular waveguide antenna and arrays with and without DNG structure are compared.

比较了双负媒质结构加载前后矩形波导天线及其阵列的增益方向图，数值仿真和测量结果表明，天线的前向增益得到显著的提高，同时对后向辐射也有一定的抑制效果。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。