有原则的

The thesis will begin with the introduction of counterpart of English judicial review. According to the unscramble of counterpart prejudication in the history of Britain, I will abstract the logic category of "administrative discretion------the principle of reasonableness", and based on the logic category, I will point out that if want to justify the review of court on the administrative discretion such as "misuse of authority"and "apparently inequitable administrative punishment", we must induct the principle of reasonableness. And based on the material of concrete cases, I will analyze that there still are states of unreasonable execution of administrative discretion in the rest representations of unlawfulness in the 54th provision of our statute law of administrative litigation.

本文首先考察英国合理性审查原则的相关制度，通过解读英国历史上重要相关判例，提炼出"行政裁量权——合理性审查原则"这一逻辑规范范畴，并以此范畴为切入视角，指出，要在理论上正当化法院对"滥用职权"和"显失公正行政处罚"等行政裁量权的司法审查，必须引入合理性审查原则，并以具体案例为材料，通过分析得出，在《行政诉讼法》第54 条的其他违法表现形式中，都有行政裁量权不合理行使的情形存在，并指出，产生这种现象的原因是，《行政诉讼法》第54 条规定的七种违法表现形式采取的是不同的分类标准。

The concept of informal intent crime seems conflict with the principle of nullum crimen sine lege, but there is some underlying consistence among them. The yardstick to distinguish informal intent crime should be the infringement of the legal interest.

非法定目的犯表面上与罪刑法定原则冲突，实际上却有内在的一致性，因而并不违背罪刑法定原则；法益侵害则是划定非法定目的犯的基本标准。

However, the principles of politeness are far from satisfactory in analyzing discourse of impoliteness.

然而，使用礼貌原则对违反礼貌原则的冲突性话语进行分析仍有不足之处。

The injurer notonly injures the body, health and life of the injured, butalso hurts the spirits of the injured by conducting theinjury intentionally or negligently.The spiritual compensationfor personal injury should apply fault liability principle andappropriately limited principle.

人身损害的精神赔偿应当适用过错责任原则和适当限制原则；适用对象应当是在人身损害中依法享有精神损害赔偿请求权利的直接受害人和间接受害人；精神损害赔偿金的标准，可以依据经鉴定的伤残等级，确定一个限额幅范围；赔偿金以多次支付为原则，有条件的一次性支付为例外。

Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political; peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none; the support of the Statein all their rights, as the most competent administrations for our domestic concerns and the surest bulwarks against antirepublican tendencies; the preservation of the General Government in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad; a jealous care ofthe right of election by the people -- a mild and safe corrective of abuses which are lopped by the sword of revolution where peaceable remedies are unprovided; absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal but to force, the vital principleand immediate parent of despotism; a well-disciplined militia, our best reliance in peace and for the first moments of war till regulars may relieve them; the supremacy of the civil over the military authority; economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burthened; the honest payment ofour debts and sacred preservation of the public faith; encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its handmaid; the diffusion of information and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public reason; freedom of religion; freedom of the press, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas

实行人人平等和真正的公平，而不论其宗教或政治上的地位或派别；同所有国家和平相处、商务往来、真诚友好，而下与任何国家结盟，维护备州政府的一切权利，将它们作为我国最有权能的内政机构，和抵御反共和趋势的最可靠屏障；维持全国政府在宪制上的全部活力，将其作为国内安定和国际安全的最后依靠；忠实地维护人民的选举仅——将它作为一种温和而稳妥的矫正手段，对革命留下的、尚无和平补救办法的种种弊端予以矫正；绝对同意多数人的决定，因为这是共和制的主要原则，反之，不诉诸舆论而诉诸武力乃是专制的主要原则和直接根源；建立一支训练有来的民兵，作为平时和战争初期的最好依靠，直到正规军来接替；实行文职权高于军职权；节约政府开支，减轻劳工负担；诚实地偿还债务，庄严地维护政府信誉；鼓励农业，辅之以商业；传播信息，以公众理智力准绳补偏救弊；实行宗教自由；实行出版自由和人身自由，根据人身保护法和公正选出陪审团进行审判来保证人身自由。

Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political; peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none; the support of the State governments in all their rights, as the most competent administrations for our domestic concerns and the surest bulwarks against antirepublican tendencies; the preservation of the General Government in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad; a jealous care of the right of election by the people -- a mild and safe corrective of abuses which are lopped by the sword of revolution where peaceable remedies are unprovided; absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal but to force, the vital principle and immediate parent of despotism; a well-disciplined militia, our best reliance in peace and for the first moments of war till regulars may relieve them; the supremacy of the civil over the military authority; economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burthened; the honest payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the public faith; encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its handmaid; the diffusion of information and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public reason; freedom of religion; freedom of the press, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus, and trial by juries impartially selected.

实行人人平等和真正的公平，而不论其宗教或政治上的地位或派别；同所有国家和平相处、商务往来、真诚友好，而下与任何国家结盟，维护备州政府的一切权利，将它们作为我国最有权能的内政机构，和抵御反共和趋势的最可靠屏障；维持全国政府在宪制上的全部活力，将其作为国内安定和国际安全的最后依靠；忠实地维护人民的选举仅——将它作为一种温和而稳妥的矫正手段，对革命留下的、尚无和平补救办法的种种弊端予以矫正；绝对同意多数人的决定，因为这是共和制的主要原则，反之，不诉诸舆论而诉诸武力乃是专制的主要原则和直接根源；建立一支训练有来的民兵，作为平时和战争初期的最好依靠，直到正规军来接替；实行文职权高于军职权；节约政府开支，减轻劳工负担；诚实地偿还债务，庄严地维护政府信誉；鼓励农业，辅之以商业；传播信息，以公众理智力准绳补偏救弊；实行宗教自由；实行出版自由和人身自由，根据人身保护法和公正选出陪审团进行审判来保证人身自由。

This clause is improper mainly because:firstly,it does not accord with the ingenerate desire of the principle;secondly,in judicial practice it is unrealistic and inequitable to punish all crimes;thirdly,the development of decriminalization in substantial and procedural aspects greatly challenges to the pattern of punishing all crimes.

本条是罪刑法定原则的法定表述。在对该原则进行理论解释的时候，很多学者仅对该条后半段的规定展开论述，而对前半段的规定却丝毫不予提及。值得注意的是，有学者认为，第三条前段规定的是积极的罪刑法定原则，后段规定的是消极的罪刑法定原则，&正确运用刑罚权，惩罚犯罪，保护人民，这是第一位的；而防止刑罚权的滥用，以保障人权，则是第二位的。&

Persisting in FourFundamental Principle、the theory of establishing socialism withChinese characteristics are the guiding ideology of our legislative,socialism、democracy、seeking truth from facts、uniforming legalsystem、market economic principles are the basic principles whichshould be persisted in our legislative,and the basic require ofthese principles in legislative is stated,the erronous inclinationsof breach of the principles are criticized.

坚持四项基本原则、建设有中国特色社会主义理论是我国立法的指导思想，并在这样的思想指导下，确定我国立法应坚持社会主义原则、民主原则、从实际出发实事求是原则、法制统一原则、适应社会主义市场经济体制要求原则，阐述了这些原则在立法中的基本要求，批判了违反立法基本原则的错误倾向。

There are many serious misleading in how to apply the principle of "fraud exception", whereas, it is necessary to make a legal research on the principle of "fraud exception" in light of former researches. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author put emphasis on the principle of abstract independence, the definition, the establishment and development of the principle of fraud exception, the analysis of the fraud, the theory, the prerequisite and the procedure of apply the principle of "fraud exception" in order to establish the general principle and necessary procedure. In the second part, the author analysis the existing backward conditions oflegislation and judicial practice in China, and courts" attitude to the judicial remedy for the principle of " fraud exception", further, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to make the legislation on the principle of "fraud exception" perfect, and how to apply the procedure of judicial remedy for the principle of "fraud exception". Lastly, the author hopes that these suggestions could benefit to the judicial practice and the future legislation on the principle of "fraud exception.

我国在加入世界贸易组织后，按照国际惯例和国际公约处理国际贸易中的纠纷己成为一种必然趋势，鉴于我国法院对如何准确适用信用证欺诈例外原则存在着严重误区，使得在先前学者研究的基础上再一次研究欺诈例外原则很有必要，本文分两个部分，第一部分对信用证独立抽象原则、信用证欺诈例外原则的定义、确立与发展、对例外原则下欺诈的分析、理论基础、适用条件以及程序等六方面展开论述，从而确立信用证欺诈例外原则的一般原则和必要的程序：第二部分主要分析我国司法实践中信用证欺诈例外原则司法救济的立法以及司法现状，及法院对欺诈例外原则的态度，从而对如何完善我国法院欺诈例外原则的法律依据以及如何正确适用欺诈例外原则的司法救济程序提出一些构思，希望为欺诈例外原则在我国的司法实践以及为以后的相应立法提供有益的参考。

At present, on the state of our country which is made up of many economic component parts and becoming many-faceted in enterprises operating, we should adopt principle of prudence moderately and should not neglect principle of prudence. No matter in confirming, measuring and revealing the contingent event, we should give expression to principle and it conforms to the state of our country completely.

目前，在我国多种经济成分并存、企业经营多元化的国情下，我国会计原则应放弃低度谨慎原则，采用适度谨慎原则，无论在或有事项的确认、计量，还是在或有事项的披露中都要体现谨慎性原则，完全符合我国现有的具体国情。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。