有功的

The main circuit of the direct voltage type SVC consists of the autotransformer with average voltage, fixed branch which can compensate the reactive power and filter the harmonic, dynamic branch which can compensate the reactive power and filter the harmonic, capacitive AC thyristor no contact switch and the measuring and controlling system of

自耦均压变压器作为SVC中的主要器件，本文通过变压器的短路试验以及编程进行多项式拟合，建立了其漏抗随电容器组投切级数变化的数学模型，进而做了自耦均压变压器与相同容量相同变比的双绕组变压器有功损耗的比较，分析了36抽头自耦均压变压器在一组电容器全部投运时的空载特性，并对SVC的静态性能进行了全面分析。

From the perspective of minimum transmission losses, an instantaneous reactive power theory for systems with any number of phases and with or without neutral line is developed. Under the new definition, each quantity has its own physical meaning, and the zero sequence current can be decomposed into active and reactive components. Furthermore, a generalized compensation method for zero sequence current is developed.

从输电损耗最小的角度出发，提出了任意相无中性线或有中性线系统的瞬时无功功率理论，在新的理论下，每个量都有清晰的物理意义，且能分解出零序电流的有功分量和无功分量，并给出了通用的零序电流补偿方法，揭示了瞬时无功功率理论与传统平均意义下的无功功率理论的联系及本质区别，从而为研究HVDC-VSC及各种FACTS装置的无功功率控制奠定了理论基础。

Section 4.The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave

第四款对於法律批准的合众国公共债务，包括因支付平定作乱或反叛有功人员的年金和奖金而产生的债务，其效力不得有所怀疑，但无论合众国或任何一州，都不得承担或偿付因援助对合众国的作乱或反叛而产生的任何债务或义务，或因丧失或解放任何奴隶而提出的任何赔偿要求

In the probabilistic model for wind farm, the uncertainties of wind speed is takes into account, and the real power injected and reactive power absorbed by the wind turbine are described as the function of the voltage magnitude, the slip of the induction machine and the circuit parameters of the wind turbines. In the unified iteration method, the slip of induction machine is introduced as the new correction value. The Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to solve the unified iteration of state variable and slip. Thus, the proposed method retains the quadratic convergence of the Newton-Raphson algorithm.

该风电概率模型考虑风速的随机性，将风机输出的随机有功功率和吸收的随机无功功率描述为电压幅值、异步机的滑差和风轮机的电路参数的函数；联合迭代方法中，异步风力发电机的滑差作为新的修正量被引入，使用牛顿-拉夫逊方法求解关于潮流状态变量和滑差的联合迭代，加热器因而迭代过程保持了牛顿-拉夫逊方法的平方收敛性。

A standard expected value model for multi-objective multi-stage transmission planning is presented to realize the transmission optimal planning with the control of line overloading risks. In this model, a constraint of overloading risks is built with expected value and standard deviation of random line active power and two objectives are given as expected value of the average power loss and discount value of the investment cost. By modeling uncertain informations with probability theory, the probabilistic DC power flow is adopted for the correlated calculations among random variables in the planning model.4 A novel multi-objective transmission planning approach that considers transmission investment profit is proposed. Requests for transmission investment profit and social welfare are involved in the proposed planning approach.

以方案总投资费用贴现值和平均网损期望值为目标函数，建立多目标多阶段输电网规划的期望值模型，以线路有功潮流过负荷随机变量的期望值和标准差构建过负荷风险约束，考虑了风险发生概率和严重程度两方面的特征，通过对不确定性信息的概率建模，利用概率直流潮流进行各随机变量的相关计算，实现了控制过负荷风险条件下的输电网优化规划。4提出考虑输电投资收益的多目标输电网规划方法，综合考虑市场参与者对输电投资收益和社会总福利的要求加热管及其对输电网规划的影响。

For the principal component, namely the voltage stability analysis function, three kinds of nodal injection power modes are defined, i.e., the random varying direction of load, the response setting direction of generator and the ratio of active power component to reactive power component in load power, and a continuous power flow model that is easy to utilize and comprehend by dispatching center is built, based on this model three kinds of formulae to calculate the sensitivities of loading margin with respect to three kinds of nodal injection power modes are derived respectively, and on this basis the influence of nodal injection power mode on loading margin can be analyzed in order that the voltage collapse can be avoided by fast implementing early warning of voltage stability and adopting effective corrective control.

文章针对N-EMS的主要组成部分--电压稳定分析功能，定义了3类节点注入功率模式：负荷的随机变化方向、发电机的响应设定方向、负荷的有功和无功比例，建立了易于被调度中心运用和理解的连续潮流模型，在此模型基础上分别推导得到负荷裕度对3类模式的灵敏度公式，据此分析节点注入功率模式对负荷裕度的影响，以便能够快速进行电压稳定预警和采取有效的校正控制来避免电压崩溃。

In general under ideal perfect competitive environment, because of the replaceability the active output of a certain generating set will fall in vast scale while its bidding price is slightly raised, and the sensitivity index based on its own price will be a very small negative value; along with the increment of market power this index will gradually increase until sensitivity index becomes zero. This conclusion can be spread to the situation of multi-generating sets.

在理想的完全竞争环境中，由于可替代性，某台发电机组稍微提高投标价格一般会导致其有功输出的大量减少，基于自身价格的灵敏度指标为很小的负值，随着机组市场力的增加，该指标逐渐趋于增大，直至为零，此结论可推广至多台机组的情形。

During the process of solving power flow, the incremental transmission loss of each node can be easily obtained by means of simply solving the transposed matrix of original n-order matrix.

介绍了一种基于直流潮流的网损微增率新算法直流雅可比矩阵法，该方法以直流潮流为基础，引入虚拟网损负荷变量并构造出带有松弛负荷变量的有功不平衡方程雅的可比矩阵，在解潮流过程中只需求解n阶矩阵的转置矩阵，即可获得各个节点的网损微增率。

With this important concept which the reads of wattmeter was equal to the product of the effective value of the voltage across the potential coil, the effective value of the current flowing in the current coil, and the cosine of the phase-angle between the current and the voltage. It was speciled with some examples to determine the phase-angle measured between line voltage, line current in different connection.

围绕有功功率表的读数等于该功率表电压线圈所接电压的有效值、电流线圈所通过的电流的有效值以及电压与电流相位差余弦的乘积这一重要的概念，用实例说明在不同的接线情况下如何利用各电量的相量关系来确定所测的线电压、线电流之间的相位差角。

In software,we adopt the Goertzel arithmetic to realize FFT,cooperates with other software models such as electric parameter arithmetic model and keyboard program model in realizing all of the design functions.

谐波污染会导致电网损耗的增加，降低用电设备的效率和性能，引起设备的过载，威胁用电安全；无功功率会引起线损和变压器损耗，降低发电机的有功输出，破坏电网供电的稳定。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。