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Based on＂The Data Bank System of the Standard Phonetic Features of Different Level in PSC＂, the thesis analyzes the variants of affricative versus fricative in syllables: z, c ,s - zh, ch, sh - j, q, x which are obscure in physiology; analyzes timbre phonetic variants aroused from the different match of seven main simple vowels and initials as well as the tonal patterns with the help of drawing the synthetic spectrograph and pitch spectrograph. So that the data can be offered to describe phonemes in 396 syllables in common use according to the acoustic analysis.

本文在"普通话水平测试各等级标准语言特征数据库系统"的支持下，通过制作396个常用音节语音样本的音高图和综合语图，考察在普通话教学和测试中从生理角度难以准确把握的一组仅有细微差异的塞擦音和擦音声母z、c、s-zh、ch、sh-j、q、x在音节拼合中的变体；考察7个主要单元音在与不同声母拼合构成的音节中音质上的变化模式；考察四个声调的变化形式，力图从语音声学物理特征角度的分析中为普通话常用音节音位语音规范度的描写提供客观的数据说明。

In the closed syllable "a"sounds //.Ss: name, age, face …T : Very good. What about /(/Ss: am, has, an …2. Listen to 1 and pay more attention to the pronunciation.

学生会发现都是字母a，发/eI/时后面有字母e等，根据学生讲的，老师再进行补充说明开音节、闭音节。

In general, a teacher should know your students well, have an intimate knowledge of teaching material , choose suitable teaching methods and learning methods before a lesson. That is

让学生听录音带进行模仿，接触标准的、规范的语音语调，掌握好单词发音、多音节词重读音节、英美语在发音上的区别等，力求有一个较好的语音基础。

The vivid forms of rhyme of three words of monosyllable adjectives of Changzhou dialect,which have a relatively strong power of expression,are a kind of changing form of monosyllable adjectives.

常州话单音节形容词的三字格生动式是单音节形容词的一种变式，有较强的表现力。

The nasalization distinguishes itself in four aspects, including the nasal spreading can be bi-directional, the nasal spreading exhibits different situations between open and close syllables, vowels preceding nasal codas can not be nasalized, and postvocalic glottal stops and glides must agree with nasal onsets. The literature background is based on seven proposals, including Lin's (1992) proposal, Li's (1992) right-spreading theory, Wang's (1995) bi-directional spreading theory, Ang's (1996) downward-spreading theory, Chung's (1996) domain percolation, Ang's (2001) and Chou's (2002) OT analysis.

闽南语鼻音主要有四个特徵：闽南语鼻音扩散可以是双向的；闽南语鼻音在开音节与闭音节里呈现不同的扩散现象；鼻音化子音前的母音无法受到鼻音化；元音后喉音及滑音必须与韵首子音行形成鼻音上的和谐。

Through the survey we found that the characteristics of courtesy appellation in middle ancient times are: first, two-syllable words developed rapidly;second,with regard to the word construction,the endocentric construction was the main method,the complement one took the second place and very few other ways, and some morphemes that mean honorific or modest came into being;third,a lot of special honorific titles but extensive honorific titles absent; fourth,many nones honorific-indicated often added to surnames or names ; fifth, some monosyllabic honorific titles to the second person pronoun were the trends of transformation .

通过调查我们发现中古时期谦敬称谓的特点是：一、双音节词迅猛发展；二、构词方式以偏正式为主，附加式次之，其他方式很少，且出现了一些构词能力极强的表敬和表谦语素；三、专用尊称极多但泛尊称缺位；四、有不少表敬名词常常添加在姓氏名字之后；五、部分单音节表敬称谓词有向第二人称代词转化的趋势。

The construction of numeral abbreviation can be roughly grouped into four types: subordination, coordination, subject+predicate and verb+object. Among them, subordination occupies the main part. Numeral abbreviation can be derived from either extracting the first, the middle or the last morpheme from its original words or generalizing them. Numeral abbreviation consists of four classes: word, phrase, sentence and text in terms of its original words. Most numeral abbreviations are disyllabic and quadrisyllable, and only a small number of them are trisyllabic and polysyllabic.

数字缩略语的结构有类化的特点，包括偏正式、并列式、主谓式、动宾式等，其中以偏正式为主；在抽取方式上，数字缩略语有抽头式、取中式、取尾式和统括式；从缩略的对象上看，数字缩略语的缩略可分为词、短语、句子和篇章四个层次；在音节分布上，数字缩略语以二、四音节为主，三音节和多音节为辅。

But its influence on language meaning is not only related to the element of direct grammatic relations but to the whole sentence. This thesis will investigate the modal adverb.

在汉语副词特征上，多音节词与单音节词的语法功能是有区别的，但在以往的副词研究中，人们往往忽略了这种语体制约原则。

In the sense of word building, by starting from analyzing the interior morphemic meaning and then conducting quantitative analysis of AABB forms of different parts of speech, an conclusion is drawn: in the word building sense, AABB1 occupies a majority of AABB forms; other AABB1 forms share similar grammatical functions, and at the same time they keep the characteristics of the morphemic components.

这里既有单音节语素重叠后再加上另一个单音语素的重叠而构成的AABB_1式，也有两个双音节叠音语素的并列，同时还应包括AABB_1是一个语素的情况。

But each different language has its own sound change pattern. The tone is changed in most languages.

分布最广的是ABB式的叠音后缀，15种语言有此形式；其次是AB式单音节后缀和ACD式等双音节后缀，分别在9种和10种语言中存在。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。