最长度

Meanwhile, it could be seen that there does not exist a confidence interval with width less than 0.5 because of the property of Poisson distribution. Based on these conditions, the author mainly carried out research into two aspects of this problem as follows. Firstly, by numerical and theoretical analysis, the author compares some existent confidence intervals, for example,"exact" confidence interval, Wald confidence interval and Bayesian confidence interval, and finds some deficiencies points of the confidence intervals, whose modification version has been proposed .Also, several better confidence intervals such asare also presented .Secondly, for given confidence coefficient and interval width, the author constructs a class of asymptotical two-stage interval estimate procedures. At the same time, under varies restriction of confidence coefflcientent interval width, the optional sample size of the first stage has been computed by numerical computation. The numerical computation shows that the method considered in this dissertation have good properties and applied value.

同时，由于Poisson分布的特性，我们知道不存在其参数区间长度小于0.5的置信区间，基于这些情况，我们主要展开了以下两个方面的研究：一是利用数值计算分析与理论分析的方法对现有的若干置信区间如"精确"置信区间，Wald置信区间，Bayes置信区间等进行分析比较，发现了一些缺陷，针对这些缺陷，我们进行适当的修正，并得到几种性质较好的置信区间如：修正大样本区间Jeffreys原则下置信区间二是针对已给定的置信系数与区间长度，我们提出了一种渐近的两阶段区间估计程序，并利用数值计算的方法，在各种置信系数与区间长度限定下，算出了最优的第一阶段观测次数，大量数据表明，本文考虑的方法性态良好，具有应用价值。

The correlation analysis between 30 morphological characters with significant difference and climatic factor, longitude and latitude can be summarized as:(1) the longitude, precipitation and air humidity have the same effects on the variability of G. uralensis;(2) the index number affected by light is the most, and the water is the most important factor affecting population variability of G. uralensis.(3) the variability shows that the height of plant, the number of small leaves of the compound leaf, the number of flower buds and the length of inflorescence increase with the increasing of climatic humidity, however, the number of lateral branch decreases.

对30项具有显著差异的指标与气候因素和地理经纬度进行的相关分析结果可概括为：（1）地理经度对变异的作用与降水量和大气湿度相一致；（2）光照因素影响到的指标最多，水分因素对变异的作用程度最大；（3）变异的主要表现为，随气候湿润程度增加，植株的高度、复叶小叶片的数量、花序的长度和花蕾数量等均呈增加趋势，而侧枝的分枝数量和长度呈减小趋势。

Under these assumptions, for any given selling price the paper develops the criterion for the optimal solution to the replenishment schedule, and proves that the optimal replenishment policy not only exists but is also unique. It shows that the total profit per unit time is a concave function of price when the replenishment schedule is given.

在这些假设下，证明了对任意给定的价格，最优订货周期长度和该订货周期内最优存货时间的长度不但存在而且惟一，又证明了在给定订货周期条件下平均利润函数是关于价格的严格凹函数，求出了物品的最优销售价格。

Firstly, This paper processes geometry filtration based on character of orbit's apogee and perigee after orbit model is analyzed and based. Secondly Space Debris is separated into two kinds, coplanar and not coplanar according as location interrelation of target and debris. In Dynamic filtration's processing, considering prediction time limit and orbit perturbation, secular effects which have increaser effect is considered so that some need catching danger time point is appeased, some law about time when target and debris pass intersectant line each other is inferred, when debris and object are in different plane and some similar law also is inferred otherwise. The time list is arithmetical progression. These laws can improve calculation efficiency remarkably; Lastly orbit predict is a course approaching least distance. Danger time point in the last step become beginning time point from which debris and object's position and velocity are calculated by SXP4 Model which is an analytic model.By result, determine that relative movement trend is closer or apart, farther calculate the interval apart from time when predictive least relative distance occurs. Least relative distance and time when least distance occurs is calculated finally. It is a fast approach course adopting varied interval.

本文在分析、建立轨道摄动计算模型的基础上，首先采用基于轨道远、近地点特征对大量编目在册的空间碎片进行初步几何静态筛选，然后根据碎片与目标轨道面的相对位置特点把碎片分为异面与准共面两种情况以进行动态筛选，在筛选过程中考虑到预报时限长度和轨道摄动影响，引入了轨道摄动中具有积累效应的长期项以满足危险时间点的捕捉要求，利用了长期项摄动变化线性的特点导出了碎片与目标异面情况下各自过交线的时间序列成准等差数列的规律性和准共面情况下类似的规律性，从而显著地提高了前期轨道筛选的计算效率；最后对剩余危险碎片和目标飞行器利用SXP4轨道预报模型在前期轨道筛选的基础上以各个危险探测时间点为预报的时间起点，并根据预报计算结果，分析目标和碎片在该时间点的运动趋势是相互远离还是相互接近，推出预计最小相对距离发生时刻相对此刻的时间长度，得到其随时间变化的局部最小相对距离以及危险距离发生的时刻和相对速度，这是一个采用变时间步长、快速逼近最小相对距离的过程。

Namely, the first, the beginning, end and length of growing season of every type of vegetation is estimated with threshold method and moving average method, and the beginning end and length of growing season of vegetation from 1982 to 1999 is fitted linearly, finally, linear trend of the beginning end and length of growing season of vegetation is analyzed. The second, phenological phase in different years and zones is estimated based on greatest changes of slope method and EOF analysis method, and the result monitored by the two methods is compared, as a result, trend of growing season change from 1982 to 1999 in different latitude zones is better acquired. The third, phenological phase of vegetation in different spatial location from 1982 to 1999 is fitted based on curve. Then, spatial difference rules of growing season of every year and average of multi-year is discussed in article. In the end, lag correlation and linear regress are used to study relation between phenological phase of different types of vegetation, different latitude zones, different spatial places and climate changes.

利用阈值法和滑动平均法逐年估测了每种植被类型的生长季的开始、结束日期及长度；对18年中植被生长季的开始、结束时间和长度进行一次线性拟合，分析了植被生长季的开始、结束日期和长度的线性变化趋势；基于最大变化斜率法和EOF分析法估计了不同年份、不同区域内植被生长季的开始、结束时间及其长度，并对这两种方法的监测结果作了比较，从而得到了较好的不同纬度区域1982～1999年植被生长季的变化趋势；基于曲线拟合了1982～1999年的不同空间位置的植被物候期，然后讨论了每年和多年平均的植被生长季的空间分异规律；最后利用时滞相关分析和线性回归研究了不同类型植被的物候期与气候变化的相互关系，不同纬度带的植被物候期与气候变化的相互关系，植被物候期与气候变化空间相互关系。

Under the condition that the maximum index change at the core-cladding interface and absorption coefficient were constant, the numerical results indicated that the reflectivity of cross-mode coupling peak between LP_ 01 and LP_ 11 modes varies parabolically with the saturation length of index change.

仿真结果表明，在纤芯和包层边界的最大光致折射率变化量和纤芯吸收因子不变的情况下，随着纤芯折射率变化的饱和长度的增大，LP01和LP11模间的互耦合反射峰呈抛物线形变化，当饱和长度增大到一定值后，互耦合反射峰随饱和长度的增大而逐渐减小并最终消失；同阶LP模的自耦合反射峰随饱和长度的增大而增大。

The results show that:①The mean length of Ligularia is the biggest, and the mean length of Ajania, Anaphalis and Artemisia is the smallest; the mean width of Aster and Ligularia is bigger than that of others; the mean length/width have lots of differences, the biggest being Senecio, and the smallest Artemisia.

①橐吾属连萼瘦果平均长度最大，亚菊属、香青属和蒿属连萼瘦果平均长度较小；紫菀属和橐吾属的平均宽度相对较大；长／宽的平均值在各属间相差很大，最大的为千里光属，蒿属最小。

The results showed that karyotypic type of Ya01-21was 2n=104＝100m+4sm（4SAT）, Chromosome length ratio of the longest and the shortest 4.25, the average arm-ratio 1.35, belonging to 2C type of chromosome. Molecule identified combine with chromosome studied indicated that Ya01-21 was a progenies of Erianthus arundinaceum. following the law of n+n; ITS identify showed that Ya01-21 is a progenies of Erianthus arundinaceum, the somatic chromosome karyotypic type of Ya01-36 was 2n=132＝130m+2sm, Chromosome length ratio of the longest and the shortest 3.94, the average arm-ratio 1.27, belonging to 2B type of chromosome, combining the advance of characters the law of 2n+n can be resumed.

研究结果表明，崖城01－21的体细胞染色体核型公式为2n＝104＝100m+4sm（4SAT），最长与最短染色体的长度比为4.25，平均臂比1.35，染色体属2C型，分子鉴定结合细胞学研究认为其为斑茅的真实后代，其染色体遗传为n+n；崖城01－36经ITS签定为真实杂种，其体细胞染色体核型公式为2n＝132＝130m+2sm，最长与最短染色体的长度比为3.94，平均臂比1.27，染色体属2B型，结合其性状的进展，推断亲本向其传递染色体可能以2n+n的方式进行。

Results analysis of data indicated a significant positive correlation among the refraction dioptres of myopia and axis length,vitreous length of eye (standardized coefficients are 0.909 and 0.803,respectively). multiple linear regression analysis of the data showed that vitreous length was the main factor to affected the formation and development of myopia diopter.

结果 眼轴长度（标准化回归系数b'j =0.909）及玻璃体腔长度（标准化回归系数b'j =0.893）均与近视屈光度呈显著正相关；用逐步回归多元线性分析法分析玻璃体腔长度、晶体厚度及前房深度各屈光要素，其中玻璃体腔长度对眼轴长度的影响最大。

SPSS 11.5 software package were applied to analyze the data. Results Analysis of data indicated a significant positive correlation among the refraction dioptres of myopia and axis length,vitreous length of eye (standardized coefficients are 0.909 and 0.803,respectively).

结果 眼轴长度（标准化回归系数b'j =0.909）及玻璃体腔长度（标准化回归系数b'j =0.893）均与近视屈光度呈显著正相关；用逐步回归多元线性分析法分析玻璃体腔长度、晶体厚度及前房深度各屈光要素，其中玻璃体腔长度对眼轴长度的影响最大。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。