最短路径

This article thoroughly studied an usable widely VRPTW of logistics distribution, and constructed the mathematical model about this problem, designed a new genetic algorithm to solve VRPTW and with C language programming to test it with an example, finally has obtained satisfaction solution, so had guaranteed enterprise not only satisfy the customer's distribution demands, but also caused the vehicles have the shortest routing, as well the cartage expense was smallest.

本文深入研究了VRP中应用日益广泛的VRPTW问题，构建了该问题的数学模型，设计了求解VRPTW的新型遗传算法，并用C语言编程对该算法进行实例测试，结果得出了满意解，保证了物流企业在满足客户配送需求的同时，又使得运输车辆的配送路径最短、运输费用最小。

It is sometimes phrased as that path for which the traveltime is a minimum (or, in certain cases, a stationary value or a maximum) compared with all neighboring paths.

有时也可描述为与周围其它路径相比旅行时间最短(或特定情况，定值，或最大)的那条路径。

School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, shanghai 200093, ChinaAbstract: With respects to indeterministic transportation networks, this paper analyzes the changes of route choice behavior from deterministic to stochastic transportation networks.

考虑到现实条件下交通网络的不确定性状态，提出了从确定型网络到不确定型网络状态下，出行者路径选择行为的改变，即由出行时间最短的路径选择行为转变为在追求一定行程时间可靠性的基础上选择出行时间最短的路径选择行为。

A host obtains other hosts location information that piggybacked by received route request packets.

针对路由路径中可能存在非最短路由，利用位置信息对获得的路由进行路径优化。

Then a BGPEOpt(BGP Egress Optimization Algorithm) algorithm is proposed to reduce the execution time of the typical algorithm by leveraging the .characteristics of cut link in the topology graph to reduce the frequency of recomputing traffic demand. Further more, mediate results are used in the iterative process to reduce the time of computing the IGP shortest distances from a source node to other nodes. Experimental results indicate that the running time of BGPEOpt reduced 7%~30% with the similar link utilization comparing to that of typical algorithms.

在此基础上，提出了静态阶段的BGP出口选择优化算法BGPEOpt(BGP Egress Optimization Algorithm)，BGPEOpt算法利用网络拓扑结构中割边的特殊性，减少流量矩阵重新计算的频率；同时利用算法在迭代过程中的中间结果，减少重新计算从一个源节点到其它节点最短路径的时间，从而提高了算法的时间性能。

The former can provides a shorter path and least action to reach the desired equilibrium point; and the latter proposes a class of linear sliding-mode, which not only guarantees global nonsingular but also uncouples the original control system.

改进的PID控制律保证了闭环系统能够沿最短路径趋于稳态值；解耦变结构控制律直接针对完整的四元数设计一类线性滑模，从而避免了奇异问题，而且对原控制系统解耦。

After a subarea map was established based on simplified grid world maps, a spanning tree was fabricated through using the breadth-first and depth-first traversals, finally the shortest path was obtained by Dijkstra arithmetic.

利用简化栅格法建立环境地图并分块，基于广度优先和深度优先算法对其进行生成树，最后使用Dijkstra算法得到最短路径。

Alter a subarea map was established based on simplified grid world maps, a spanning tree was fabricated through using the breadth-first and depth-first traversals, finally the shortest path was obtained by Dijkstra arithmetic.

利用简化栅格法建立环境地图并分块，基于广度优先和深度优先算法对其进行生成树，最后使用Dijkstra算法得到最短路径。

Dijkstra algorithm and matrix iterative algorithm are important algorithms of the shortest route problem.In order to find which of the two algorithms is more efficient,the two algorithms were discussed,and their program flows were introduced.

Dijkstra算法和矩阵迭代算法都是最短路径问题的经典算法，为了研究这2种算法的计算效率，介绍了2种算法的基本思路和程序流程；通过对时间复杂度、结果和时间的关系指标进行多次计算，表现2者之间的效率差异。

Some network attributions were caculated, such as degree distribution, average length and cluster.

本篇文章我们研究的方法主要是结合度分布、平均最短路径、集聚性和鲁棒性等方面的复杂网络属性，对广州汽车供应商网络所呈现出来的一系列性质和特征进行分析。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。