最小化

First scanning the known handwriting materials then number them ,In pretreatment, we convert the valid part of the image into a standard size, as images carries out duotone and go throw off chirp handling in order to achieve better effect.draw features from the known handwriting materials with the Co-occurence,especially,we divided a copy of handwriting into 25 little pieces with the size of 128*128 ,drawing features from every little piecese with four directions(0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees as well as 135 degrees) and calculate the four major feature values( veins and the statistical quantity of veins contrast and the statistical quantity of veins consistency Shang the statistical quantity of statistical quantity as well as the veins correlation of gray scale ), preservation all the feature value that drawn from all known ma terials to the handwriting characteristic database,then input the unknown handwriting materials, also using the method of the Co-occurence to draw those features, recycling the minimum European Distance law match the unknown writing material feature value with the handwriting characteristic feature database, export the label of the known hand writing materials which is most similar to the unknown material with minimum European Distance, and then we can confirm who is the author of the unknown material.

首先将笔迹材料作为图象扫描输入，并对其进行编号。预处理部分可将笔迹图象的有效部分规范化到一个统一尺寸，接着对其进行二值化和去除噪声的处理，以便于更好的提取图像的特征。在此我们采用了灰度共生矩阵法提取手写笔迹材料的纹理特征，与以往有所不同的是，我们将一份手写材料分割成64块大小为80*80象素的子图象，每个小块都从四个方向（0度、45度、90度以及135度）来更全面的提取特征，并计算出四个最主要的特征值（纹理一致性的统计量、纹理反差的统计量、纹理熵的统计量以及纹理灰度相关性的统计量），将从所有已知材料提取的特征值保存到纹理特征库中，对于待检手写材料，同样采用灰度共生矩阵的方法提取其纹理特征，再利用最小欧氏距离分类法将从待检手写材料中提取的特征值与纹理特征库中的特征值进行比对，与欧氏距离比对值最小的相匹配，输出匹配成功的原材料的标号，进而识别出待检材料书写者的身份。

The basic principle of least-squares method is to choose the model parameters minimizing model error sum of squares, thus the name "least squares method."

最小二乘法的基本原理是选择模型参数极小化模型误差平方和，因此而得名"最小二乘法"。

The operating range suitable for three-phase reaction was obtained and a mathematical model established. The results show that MSB formed by fine magnetizable powder and fliudizing flow can be operated stably in a wide range. MSB has three kinds of regimes: particulate, chain, and magnetically condensed. In these regimes, the chain regime is the best for three-phase reaction. When Ni-RE-P catalyst particles mixed with some iron powder, magnetically stabilization is easily achieved; therefore, it is possible that NiRE-P catalyst can be controlled in the bed for reaction more easilly if adding certain percentage of iron powder.

研究结果表明：细粉铁磁性颗粒形成的磁稳定床可在较宽流速范围内稳定操作，该磁稳定床有三种操作状态：散粒状态，链式状态和磁聚状态，其中有利于进行气液固三相反应的操作状态是链式状态；当磁稳定床在最小流化速度和带出速度之间操作时，床层处于链式状态；最小流化速度和带出速度可用（1-24）、（1-25）、（1-27）、（1-33）式计算；弱软磁性Ni-RE-P非晶催化剂中混入定量铁粉颗粒后便可形成磁稳定床，因此利用混入铁粉颗粒在外加磁场作用下控制弱磁性非晶催化剂颗粒进行反应的方法是可能的。

The advantage of this measure is that the optimum rational reparameterization's parametric speed satisfies that the maximum deviation from unity is the minimum in this family.

利用该方法求得的最优参数化在曲线的重新参数化曲线族中，参数速度偏离单位速度的最大值达到最小。

The method on trans fatty acids analysis in food is very important. The effects of methylate sodium, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and boron trifluoride in methanol and their different concentration and dosage on TFA analysis were studied. The chromatographic condition and the influence of time and temperature on the esterifation of TFA using boron trifluoride in methanol were optimized. A method for analyzing TFA were established by GC based on boron trifluoride in methanol and RT-2560(100m×0.25mm×0.2μm) capillary column.

研究了甲醇钠－甲醇、氢氧化钾－甲醇、浓硫酸－甲醇和三氟化硼－甲醇4种甲酯化试剂的浓度、用量及甲酯化时间和温度对反式脂肪酸检测的影响，优化了色谱条件，建立了以三氟化硼－甲醇法甲酯化，RT-2560(100m×0.25mm×0.2μm)毛细管柱为基础的反式脂肪酸气相色谱检测方法，C18：1-9 t， C18：1-11 t， C18：2-9 t， 12 t和C22：1-13 t 4种反式脂肪酸的最小检出浓度在0.774.08 mg/kg之间。4种反式脂肪酸不同添标浓度回收率为98.44%101.23%，重复测定的相对标准差在0.22%1.31%之间，有较好的准确度和重现性。

However the addition order of tartrate and phosphate on activity of enzyme adsorbed by goethite produced the greatest impact.

胶体表面类型（硅氧烷表面或羟基化表面）及阴离子配体对胶体表面负电荷的贡献量在酶的吸附及活性保持中的重要性；B阴离子配体后加入时酶的吸附量一般比配体先加入时的高；C）配体加入顺序对二氧化锰的影响最显著，对砖红壤和高岭石的居中；对针铁矿的次之；对黄棕壤的最小。D）乙酸或草酸加入顺序对高岭石上固定化酶比活性的影响最大，而酒石酸或磷酸则对针铁矿影响最大。

On the one hand, the component method is introduced into flowchart design, which can not only enlarge the depth and the connotation of the flowchart, but also extend the traditional concepts of the flowchart. By combining the component method and the objectoriented method, it will be easy to illustrate the industry flow and meet with the future requirements of the industry control software. On the other hand, the trajectory concepts in plane moving, the method of using Bezier Curve to approach the 1/4 arc to implement the arc circumrotation, the method of using graphic elements' combination to extend the expression capability, and the method of combining the graphic elements'combination, three-dimensional graphic elements and bitmaps to realize the three-dimensional effects to express the industry flow more realistic are brought forward in this dissertation.

工控软件中最能够体现人机接口设计创造性的画面当属流程图，本文对流程图设计进行了深入研究，提出了一种工控软件流程图设计的新方法：一方面在流程图设计中引入部件化方法，扩展流程图的深度与内涵，延伸了流程图的传统概念与意义，将部件化技术与面向对象技术相结合，能够更好地实现对工艺过程的描述并适应工控软件的未来发展要求；另一方面对流程图中动画关联和三维化这些新兴领域进行了研究，提出了平移动画中的&轨道&概念，以实现图元的沿曲线平移，提出了在圆弧旋转动画中用Bezier曲线逼近〓圆弧的工程化方法，并用最小二乘法进行了验证和工程化参数的获取，实现了利用图元组合来扩展流程图的表达能力，采用了图元组合、三维图元和位图相结合的方法来实现逼真的三维效果，以使工控软件更加符合人机工学，更能形象地反映工艺流程。

The generalized criterion for minimum zone in the determination of form error of surface is presented on the basis of linear minimax techniques, and the criteria of such surfaces as for cylindricity and straightness with arbitrary direction are derived from this generalized criterion.

本文讨论形状误差最小区城的判别准则和判别方法。根据线性极差极小化问题解的特征，给出形状误差最小条件的统一判别准则。推导出各种形状误差最小区域判别法(包括圆柱度误差和任意方向直线度误差)，并在几何判别的基础上得出代数判别的格式。

In the orthogonal designable experiment ,the analysis results of zirconium source, precipitation , the sulfating agent is 1.54%, 2.27%, 5.11%,respectively. This result show that the influence of sulfating agent to the catalytic activity is the biggest. Under the same density of the sulfuric acid soaks, the effect of sulfuric acid is well compared to ammonium sulfate .The second is the precipitation, but the influence of the zirconia source is the smallest.

正交设计实验中锆源、沉淀剂、硫酸化试剂的极差分析结果分别为1.54%，2.27%，5.11%，此结果说明硫酸化试剂对催化剂的影响最大，其次是沉淀剂，锆源的影响最小，同时表明以Zr(NO3)4·5H2O为锆源、乙胺为沉淀剂、硫酸为硫酸化试剂是催化剂的最佳制备方案。

A multi-distance measurements method is employed in this paper. A single parameter fitting method and a double parameters (reduced scattering coefficient and amplitude factor) fitting method on the basis of the least square Newton fitting algorithm is used to derive the optical parameters respectively. For the finite-thickness homogenous tissue, it can be concluded that the rest terms in expressions of diffusion reflectance and transmittance for the corresponding tissue geometries that subtract the exponential term contained source-detector distance depend on the detected position weakly.

在多程测量的基础上，使用单参数最小二乘牛顿法拟合方法和双参数（约化散射系数、幅度因子）最小二乘牛顿法拟合方法，得到有限厚均匀组织的反射率分布和透射率分布公式中除去包含测量位置的指数项的其它部分对测量位置皆具有弱依赖性的结论，并对拟合结果进行了分析讨论；而对于有限厚平板状双层组织，可根据对反射测量结果及透射测量结果进行拟合所得的约化散射系数间的差异及常数因子的正负判断双层组织的可能结构分布。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。